Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait patterns and muscle activations according to dual tasks during stair ascending. Methods Twelve sedentary young male adults(Age: 27.0±1.8 yrs, Weight: 65.8±9.9 kg) without any lower extremity injuries participated in the study. Participants performed stair walking up 7 floors and their ascending motion on each floor was analyzed according to dual tasks. A wireless electromyography (EMG) were attached on the Rectus Femoris(RF), Biceps Femoris(BF), Gastrocnemius(GN), Tibialis Anterior(TA) muscle to calculate integrated EMG(iEMG) and co-contraction index(CI). Chest and left heel accelerometer signal were recorded by wireless accelerometer and those were used to calculate approximate entropy(ApEn) for analyzing gait pattern. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was LSD. Results The results of this study indicated that dual task appeared to increase their time, CI and there were a statistically significant difference in most muscle on each floors compared to the non dual tasks. Also, ApEn were a statistically significant difference in only left and right direction than non dual task. Subjects showed more irregular pattern and instability muscle activation response during dual tasks. Conclusion Because there are many dangers often use of stairs in everyday life, in the future, we have to make a lot of efforts to prevent fall.
Purpose This study was to investigate the systematic application of the life skills program and its effects in a sport setting. Methods Participants were 14 college students(8 males and 6 females) majoring in Taekwondo. Survey tools were utilized to measure items of life skills and journals. Data analyses were conducted by using Excel program and inductive content analysis. Results First, life skills in this study consisted of goal setting, self-talk, imagery, cognitive restructuring. Life skills program has undergone a procedure, such as the introduction, training, development, application, and evaluation. Second, the average scores of life skill variables have been changed according to measured points. Specifically, the average scores of goal setting and self-talk were highly increased over time and the average score of imagery indicated gradual rising line. The average score of negative thought was slightly reduced over time. Third, regarding effects of this program, participants’ responses were categorized into six components; performance enhancement, positive thoughts, chances of change, goal setting, struggling efforts, and motivation formation. Further, participants stated this program was a great opportunity to develop these components. Conclusion The application of life skills program in sport settings will contribute to participants’ life span developmental change in cognitions, emotions, and behavior.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to verify the importance and satisfaction of service quality of visitors to screen baseball using the Importance-Performance Analysis. Methods Selected visitors who participated in screen baseball using convenience sampling of non-probability sample method from January 26 to May 27, 2017, and conducted a questionnaire survey to a total of 213 data were used in this study except 17 data which were untrustworthy responses or non-responses. SPSS 21.0 statistical program were used to exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, frequency analysis and IPA. Results The results were as follows. first of all,Ⅰquadrant derives 7 items including modernized facilities and equipments. Next, Ⅱ quadrant, there are 5 credibility of the program and continuous service provision. Also, in the quadrant Ⅲ, the service promised to the customer and the interest and effort of the staff in case of trouble were confirmed.. In the quadrant IV, four items were analyzed such as the interest in the members and the matching of the members' use time. In the analysis of Slack's(1994) diagonal model, twelve kinds of improvements such as costumes, appearance, internal facilities and services promised to customers were derived. In addition, there are 5 appropriately provided properties such as modern facilities and equipment, and facilities suitable for enjoying baseball. Finally, in the attributes that are provided in excess, four attributes are indicated, attention to members and matching of members' use time. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is meaningful to be a marketing and management practice data for operating the screen baseball.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor that influence the using behavior of online sport media by university students applying Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2(UTAUT 2). Methods The study performed a research survey using convenient sampling method. The sample was 235 university students who had experience with online sport media. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model using SPSS Windows ver . 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results The results showed that, firstly, performance expectancy and effort expectancy had a positive effect on intention to use, however, no significant influence on social effect on intention to use. Secondly, facilitating condition had positive effect on usage behavior. Thirdly, hedonic motivation had positive effect on intention to use. Fourthly, Habit had positive effect on the intention to use and usage behavior. Lastly, intention to use had positive effect on usage behavior. Conclusion Based on the conclusion of this study, online sports media companies should provide useful and convenient viewing experience by providing personalized services, and should apply various attraction strategies to habitually use sports online media.
Purpose Incidence and prevalence of Korean teenager cheerleading injuries were surveyed. Methods A total of 769 junior cheerleaders who participated in National Sport Cheerleading Competitions responded to a questionnaire, and 435 reported experiences of injuries. Results Risk factors for injury included older age (p<0.001), increased experience (p<0.001), and higher BMI (p<0.05). The most frequent injury occurred at wrist, ankle, knee, shoulder and waist. And the most responded types of injury were muscular pain and contusion. Cheerleading experience affected on injury prevalence. They were injured when they perform Elevator (<0.5 yrs), Cradle (0.5-1 yrs), Cradle and Basket toss (1-2 yrs), Cradle and Pyramid (2-3 yrs). These techniques involved in bodily movements of going up and cradle. About 56% of injury was treated at home or not treated at all, and 60% of injury was either self-treated or not intervened. And only 32% of cheerleaders practiced on a formal mattress. Conclusion Safety measures for these youth cheerleaders are necessary and guidelines for securing safety and preventing and treating injuries for these population are urgent.
This study aimed to explore the psychological factors affecting sports performance and their purposes as perceived by adolescent athletes. Study data were collected by conducting an open-ended survey with 232 student athletes from adolescent athletes in S city. The collected data were categorized using content analysis, which was conducted twice to explore the psychological factors affecting sports performance and their purposes. From 537 answers, 30 performance-affecting psychological factors—including confidence, endurance, effort/dedication, optimal tension, and social support—were identified, and they were classified into five categories: psychological fundamental, mental toughness, motivation, emotional stability, and social relationships. From 588 answers, the purposes of the psychological factors were identified, including performance achievement, motivation enhancement, demonstrating mental toughness, cognitive strategy, confidence increase, emotional regulation, injury prevention, game strategy, and reinforcement cohesion. These performance-affecting psychological factors and their purposes may serve as a reference to understand how secondary school students perceive the relationships among various psychological factors and the relationship between the psychological factors and performance. This study is expected to inform goal setting and content organization in psychological skills training.
Korea Sports Association for the Disabled have a responsibility for sports promotion of the disabled. After the launch of the organization 10 years have passed and now there ara a lot of achievement and challenges. By applying the system theory there ware derived many performance and ahallenge. First, in terms of system boundaries the organization requires an understanding of several related businesses within government departments and sports organizations to promote cooperation between business needs to enhance the professionalism. Second, in terms of the production system the organization requires specialization of the purpose, division of labor according to the principles of the process of professionalization, specialization according to the needs of beneficiaries, according to demographic characteristics. Third, in terms of keeping system the degree of formalization of business rules and procedures to enhance the selection, training, compensation of employees is necessary to improve the system and gather the information you need to perform tasks. Forth, in terms of adaptive systems research budget in view of the research need to be carried out as planned and secured by business efficiency and effectiveness, and to ensure accountability through evaluation utilizing external experts in departmental organizational diagnosis and assessment. Fifth, in terms of organization and management system there are necessary to affiliate effort to resolve the conflict between the hierarchical and reward trade-offs and goal setting and the use of resources allocation, substantiality of performance evaluation. Sixth, Five kinds of systems that require priority sector innovation efforts in the production system, management system, adaptive systems, maintenance systems, boundary systems in order.
PURPOSE This study aimed to establish a standardized evaluation of the consistency and reliability of the results of the 2018 Buenos Aires Youth Olympics. METHODS The results of the preliminary and the final rounds of the individual Boys and Girls competition of the 2018 Buenos Aires Youth Olympics were collected. Data were organized using Microsoft Windows Excel 2021. Windows SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics. Intraclass correlation coefficient calculation was used to analyze the evaluation score. The winner/loser decision, and the evaluation interrater agreement was confirmed using Fleiss' kappa. RESULTS There was a difference in the scores given by the judges in both the preliminary and final rounds of both competitions. A low correlation was observed between the decided winner of the judges, and the point variance for each item. CONCLUSIONS In the trivium value system, differences in the evaluation strategies of the judges may exist. Thus, improvements to standardize evaluation should be implemented. In addition, this scoring system considers various factors in the evaluation process, and the scoring system is complicated. Therefore, there may be a need to revise the evaluation system and find the optimal number of judges to create a better evaluation.
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate user perceptions regarding the mobile healthcare application of public health centers by using big data. METHODS The study data included 1,089 users’ reviews (from September 27, 2016 to December 23, 2021), which were analyzed using Python, Textom, KrKwic, UCINET 6, and the Net-draw program. RESULTS First, the evaluation of the application showed a higher number of “Good” responses (677 times) compared to “Bad” (329 times) and “Normal” responses (83 times). Second, network structures related to “Good” were “Like,” “Health care,” “Help,” “A sense of purpose,” “Grateful,” “Diet management,” “Exercise management,” “Easy,” “Recommendation,” “Satisfaction,” “Diet,” “Useful,” and so on. Third, network structures related to “Bad” were “Execution error,” “Request improvement,” “Question,” “Slow speed,” “Interlocking error,” “Lack of food type,” “Login error,” “Inconvenience,” “Delete and reinstall,” “Update error,” “Irritation,” “Connection error,” “Problem occurred,” “Direct input request,” “Not available,” “Waste of stars,” “Lack of function,” “Not enough,” “Stuffy,” “Lack of exercise,” and so on. Fourth, as a result of structural equivalence analysis, four clusters appeared: cluster 1 (negative function), cluster 2 (negative emotion), cluster 3 (positive function), and cluster 4 (positive emotion). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to respond quickly in order to reflect on the users’ reviews, and active efforts are required to improve the program quality so that users can use it conveniently.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand learning experiences deeply and to prepare practical teaching strategies by reflecting the voices of the field. Methods For this, I used the logic and techniques of 'the grounded theory'. In particular, I used ‘the grounded theory paradigm model', which enables a holistic and systematic analysis of specific experiences to explore learning experiences and teaching strategies. I selected 10 male and female students who participated in art and physical activities as research participants. I collected data through literature review, in-depth interviews, and expert meetings, and analyzed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Results First, I explored “the learning experience of art and physical activities in free-semester system", according to the elements of grounded theory paradigm model. It is composed of the ’causal condition’, ‘contextual condition’, ‘central phenomenon’, ‘interventional condition’, ‘interaction strategy’, and ‘results’. Second, based on this, I conducted "the teaching strategies for art and physical activities in free-semester system". These are composed of 'expansion strategy', 'diversity strategy', 'spontaneity strategy', and 'immersion strategy'. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that art and physical activities in free-semester system are leading to a positive change extended from the planned goals. In addition, various variables are structurally intertwined, and thus, it is considered that more strategic and systematic efforts are required in various dimensions for the successful application.
