PURPOSE This study aimed to apply a capacity building program to sport life skill leaders and to provide cases of this process. METHODS The study participants included four leaders (male=2, female= 2, Mage=37.5) who were managing a sport life skills program at a university. They participated in a capacity building program, which consisted of (a) understanding (leader seminar), (b) application (managing the sport life skills program), and (c) evaluation (leader’s self-reflection), which were conducted in eight sessions. Four leaders conducted self-evaluations using program quality assessment (PQA) during every session, and quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Qualitative data were derived using a cross-case analysis, and quantitative data were used for calculating the effect size after performing the paired t-test. RESULTS Analyzing the reported cases of sport life skill leaders, the use value of the capacity building program was identified. Furthermore, the cases reported by the four leaders enabled observation of how the leader’s capabilities were strengthened. In the paired t-test, the effect size of physical and psychological safety, appropriate structure, supportive relationship, opportunities to belong, support for efficacy mattering, opportunities for life skill building, excluding integration of family, school, and community effort, were all significant. All effect sizes were found to have “very large effects.” CONCLUSIONS The capacity building program played a positive role in strengthening the leaders’ life skill coaching capabilities. These findings have practical implications—chiefly, it is important to strengthen leaders’ or coaches’ capabilities in order to foster life skill development and transfer of student-athletes.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the athletic identity of youth football players and to trace its changing trend. METHODS Participants of this study included 93 players in 2005 and 94 players in 2021, who were in middle and high schools. All participants answered open-ended questionnaires. After the results of the inductive content analysis, the changing trend of the results was assessed. RESULTS The athletic identity of youth football players were collected from 811 raw data samples collected in 2005 and 741 collected in 2021 and categorized into 19 sub-categories and 5 categories. The results show a tendency to be specific to football. The athletic identity of a football player itself is weakening, being replaced by the identity of being a student. The role of the camp is also weakening, while more privacy and autonomy are allowed to the players. As a result, efforts to secure the players’ right to study were accepted by the players, and expected to decrease as camp life with limited privacy is on the decline, and as senses toward one’s physical competence are changing. CONCLUSIONS Sociocultural contexts, including changes in the system and social modifications, are reflected in the football player's athletic identity and its changes. The athletic identity of youth football players has changed from its 2005 version of unacademic camp life with limited privacy to the 2021 version, where the player leaves camp to be provided with privacy and attend classes.
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) motion data produced through artificial intelligence-based user motion recognition technology with images obtained using a smartphone monocular camera. This was done to explore the possibility of developing an application that can improve the reliability of the measurement of physical activity performing motions and feedback provision. METHODS To check the accuracy of the artificial intelligence-based 3D motion analysis system that utilized a semi-supervised learning method, a commercialized 3D infrared motion analysis system measured and compared motions on three movement planes, motions with limited joint movement, and fast motions in a wide moving range. RESULTS The motions on the coronal and sagittal planes produced through the 3D motion analysis application showed very high measurement accuracy; however, the accuracy of the measurement of motions on the horizontal plane, which could not be measured directly with a camera, was relatively lower than that of the coronal and sagittal planes. Accuracy in measuring 3D motion was moderate in moving motions and low in motions with limited joint movement. CONCLUSIONS For the developed 3D motion analysis system to be used in online physical education, the types of physical activities included in the program should be comprehensively composed through the analysis of the content system of the physical education curriculum and the resultant physical activities.
Purpose A number of start-ups in the form of introducing sports contents in Korea as a new market are in progress, and appropriate support for each step is needed to increase the chances of a success. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial process of introducing and spreading newly created or developed sports content into a new market, Korea, by focusing on the innovation diffusion process model. Methods To derive the results, a qualitative research method was used, data were collected through in-depth interviews, literature search, and observation methods, and analyzed through categorization and itemization in stages based on content analysis results. Results Looking at the results, content recognition and problem identification were derived in the exogenous shocks stage, and the organization unity of internal and external stakeholder was confirmed in the formal coalition of opinion leaders stage. At the stage of internal communication between the opinion leaders of the social system, the expert communication in the same or similar field and external area appeared and the indirect experience also derived. In the decision to select a specific innovation stage, activities to belong to an international organization, to establish a new organization, and to secure idle space appeared, and at the stage of recruitment and/or the establishment of boundary spanners, efforts to secure internal and external human resource within the organization and to build an organization form appeared. In the stage of develop and introduce the innovation, online communication channels were established. In the stage of using mass media outlets, media articles, lectures, and academic conferences were used, and in the stage of actual diffusion of an innovation, experience and education programs were conducted, competition and exhibitions were held, venues were built, and actual international competitions were participated. At the stage of decisions to continue, discontinue, or re-invent the existing innovation must occur, evaluation was made by personnel inside and outside the organization. Conclusions It is possible to increase the success of start-up by creating a support system that can fill the necessary parts for each stage of start-up based on the derived activities for each stage.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to conduct a typological classification of female recreational sport participants' coaching experience. Methods Q methodology was conducted using 25 Q-samples and 25 P-samples. Data were analyzed using PQmethod software. Results Four types were categorized: communication and character-oriented (I), function and immersion-oriented (II), process and fun-oriented (III), and function and inclusion-oriented (IV). These types were re-categorized as 'non-functional value-oriented (I, III)' and 'functional value-oriented (II, IV)'. Conclusion This study also made efforts to explore the value and norm that female participants expect from sport participation, which provided a variety of perspectives on social, psychological and philosophical discussions about woman sport. In addition, each type and its characteristics can be used as meaningful basic data in teaching method (coaching theory) for woman sport.
Purpose This study was to investigate the effect of various motor leaning techniques which were applied on the youth soccer training program. Methods 12 elementary soccer players and the director of R youth soccer team have participated in the study. The expertise level of youth soccer team were ranged from beginner to advance. To investigate the effect of new soccer training program we adopted a methodology of action research. We first analyzed the problems of original youth soccer program and reconstructed the training program considering of individualized characteristics. The 3 main problems of original soccer program (1. feedback provisions 2. difficulty of task level 3. time distribution of training) have been reconstructed by four motor learning experts. For the data analysis, several qualitative analyze techniques were conducted to observe player’s improvements. Results First, participants had a better understanding on proper motion of shooting and lifting skills from the guidance techniques. Second, utilizing the personal skills and team cohesion have been improved by the modified rules and space competition. Third, the ability of active problem solving have been improved from the self-learning environment. Forth, the player’s confidence level have been improved by eliminating performance outcome. Conclusions From the aspects of variety circumstances in sport education field, the comprehensive motor learning program should be developed and applied.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive model for facilitating and hindering factors about girls' participation in physical activities. Methods Based on systematic analysis, 26 foreign journals published from 2005 to 2016 were comprehensively analyzed. The journals were directed to facilitating and hindering factors of girls' physical activities. A model was developed by categorizing various factors in the previous studies, and by conceptualizing those categories, and by creating visualization of relations between the categories. Results Seven facilitating factors are referred to as 'SPORTS', including ‘Self-recognition’, ‘Physical environment’, ‘Opportunities’, ‘Relationship’, ‘Treatment’, and ‘Social supports’. In contrast, nine hindering factors are conceptualized as 'INCAPABLE' which includes 'Internalized gazes’, ‘Negative feedback’, ‘Competitiveness’, ‘Alternativeness’, ‘Perceived danger’, ‘Appearance’, ‘Bad feeling’, ‘Lack of opportunities’, and ‘Effeminate norms'. Conclusions It is suggested that the girls' physical activity patterns vary depending on whether the girls subjectively interpret the physical activity or girls are being objectified by other's evaluation. And those individual, relational, and environmental levels are needed to strengthen the subjectification of girls.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the Instructor’s adaptation process of school P.E. environment in middle school sports club and to develop substantive level theory. Methods For this purpose, 17 sports instructors who had worked for more than 3 years at the middle school in Seoul were selected as research participants. The method of this study is the Grounded theory(Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Results The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of open coding, the instructor's adaptation process of the school P.E. environment was organized into 104 concepts, 30 sub-categories, and 15 categories. Second, as a result of axial coding, a paradigm model for the adaptation process of the school P.E. environment was formed. Third, as a result of the selective coding, created the storyline of the adaptation process and made the core category, ‘instructor's adaptation process of the school P.E. environment in middle school’. Four types of adaptation process such as 'Acceptance type', 'Effort type', 'Compromising type' and 'Abandoning type' are derived through the formalization applied to the hypothesis of the core category. Conclusions Based on these results, the developed substantive level theory was evaluated and summarized.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to draw practical implications applicable to the field through analysing serial multiple mediator model of self-leadership, psychology empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. [Methods] In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we surveyed Korea national league players(187 usable sample). Four hypotheses were tested using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and PROCESS macro through SPSS statistics. [Results] The results are as follows. First, self-leadership has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Second, mediating effects of psychological empowerment between self-leadership and organizational citizenship behavior were significant. Third, mediating effects of job satisfaction between self-leadership and organizational citizenship behavior were significant. Fourth, serial multiple mediator effects leading to self-leadership→psychological empowerment→job satisfaction→organizational citizenship behavior were significant. [Conclusions] Korea national league players must perform self-leader, goal setting, self-observation, self criticism, constructive thinking strategies, dedication and voluntary attitude for clubs and colleagues. The team’s coaches should strive to praise the athletes for their pride, provide appropriate feedback, prevent job burnout, and the management of front office should make practical efforts such as improving the welfare environment and presenting the future vision of club.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to explore the formation process and influential factors of professional identity for the establishment and growth of physical education(PE) teachers majoring in dance. [Methods] Based on the phenomenological research method, data from the interviews, focus group interviews, and local document were collected and analyzed from ten teachers. [Results] First, we explored the process of professional identity formation of PE teachers majoring in dance. It appeared in four stages, 'stranger,' 'adaptation,' 'settler,' and 'pioneer.' Second, we explored the factors of forming the professional identity of the PE teachers majoring in dance. The factors influencing the process of identity formation from the stranger to the adaptation were 'utilization of various training' and 'imitation of their mentor.' The factors influencing the formation process of identity formation from the adaptation to the settler were 'recognition and support of fellow teachers' and ‘opportunity of professional development.’ The factors influencing the process of identity formation from the settler to the pioneer are ‘sense of commitment as a PE teacher,’ ’constant attitude of study and learning.’ [Conclusion] The results suggest that the formation of professional identity of PE teachers majoring in dance goes through a certain stage, and the environment is important as well as the active effort and potential attitude of individual.
