Purpose The present study explores educational values of professional coaches from perspectives as educators while they are giving the players sports coaching. Since free agent system was introduced in 1999 at Korean Baseball Organization(KBO) league, the socio-economical differences between players and coaches are getting bigger and bigger. In this situation, professional coaches tend to have more difficulties in interacting with the players. The study focuses on looking into professional coaches' educational agony and reward. Also, it highlights their educational values as educators rather than coaches. Methods Two professional baseball coaches and a TV commentator participated in the study: all past professional players, and professional coaches for more than 10 years. The researchers collected data through semi-structured in-depth interviews; each participant was interviewed three times. The researchers recorded and transcribed all of the interviews; then, the researchers reread the interview transcripts and inductively produced codes for themes whenever emergent codes appeared. Verbatim quotations from the interviews are excerpted in the present research report. Results The findings indicate that, first, the participants are all highly motivated in giving lessons to the players. They all helped the players overcome the difficulties and be good players. They emphasized the importances of endeavors and attitudes during their lessons to be well-received by the players. Second, the participants agreed that good coaches should have the ability to find the potentials of the players and have personality to gain the players' trust. They always have to work and study hard to keep expertises. Conclusions This study argues that the participants are playing their roles in a sport coaching area not only as coaches, but also as educators.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to emphasize the need for the establish and the use of altitude training center via examining exercise training method in natural or artificial altitude environment that is applied to various elite athletes in various advanced countries to maximize exercise performance and its effectiveness. Results Altitude training in natural or artificial altitude environment enhances aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance baesd on the hematological and nonhematological adaptations to hypoxic conditions. These altitude training methods can be classified into living high training high (LHTH), living high training low (LHTL), and living low training high (LLTH). LHTH (i.e., developed since the 1968 Mexico Olympics) and LHTL (i.e., developed in the 1990s by Levine and Stray-Gundersen) improve exercise performance via hematologic changes through erythropoiesis such as increased hemoglobin mass and erythrocyte volume. On the other hand, LLTH (i.e., has been developed variously since the 2000s) is composed continuous hypoxic training (CHT), intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) and repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH), and the altitude environment is constructed using a vacuum pump and a nitrogen generator. In general, LLTH method dose not induce hematological change in a short time within 3 hours. However, CHT and IHT enhance aerobic exercise capacity by improved exercise economy, supply and utilization of blood to tissues, capillary and mitochondrial densities, and oxidative enzyme activity through various biochemical and structural changes in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. RSH enhances anaerobic power and repetitive sprint performance by improving glycolytic enzyme, glucose transport, and pH control. In Korea, however, there are almost no facilities for altitude training that is applied to enhance athletic performance in advanced sports countries and recognition of the need for altitude training is also very poor. Conclusions Therefore, it is very urgent to develop altitude training for maximizing athletic performance in Korea and a lot of support and efforts are needed from the government and local governments.
[Purpose] This study aims to examine necessity and characteristics of the K-OVEP, and discuss ways of settle and spread the program stably through cases applied in school settings. [Methods] To do so, educational components and curriculum of the K-OVEP was represented by analyzing references, developmental materials, and program application. This study was examined through the application process and observation of long-term program of the K-OVEP from two types of educational fields, 2 elementary schools and 2 middle schools. In order to examine if the K-OVEP achieves the aim of the IOC and the K-OVEP, basic level study was conducted to 187 students who participated in the program in 2016. The questionnaire consisted of three categories; ‘cognition part’ through the Olympic games and the Olympic values, ‘value part’ regarding five educational themes of the OVEP, and ‘interest part’ asking interest and involvement in sports activities, participants answered the questionnaire before and after the education. [Results] We found that K-OVEP is an integrated value based educational program regarding Olympics, stresses personality education, encourages students to explore their career, and is a process oriented education. The results showed that the K-OVEP achieved the educational goals in every categories and questions, and educational effects in sports activity looked different among schools and the environments. [Conclusion] This study was performed to participants at first year of the introduction of the K-OVEP, so in order to keep track of learners’ significant change continuously, expansion of participants, steady development of various new programs, development of assessment tools, experts training and follow-up studies will be required.
The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics through technical analysis of dismount to perform the successful landing. The subjects in this study were male gymnastic players of the national team, hish-speed cameras were used to record the salto backward dismount on the parallel bars of the subjects and to study the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The evaluations including feedback of each subjects’problem were as follow: KHH showed early release timing compared to other players. It could be one of factors which can not decelerating the rotational speed, so the correction of posture is needed. NYI didn’t slide to the left at the release phase, and showed big rotation of body compared to other players so the center of mass moved to the rear. The correction of the hand position at flight phase is necessary to perform the V-shaped position. RSD landed in a state where the rotation is insufficient, so the training using elasticity of parallel bars at phase 2, and the correction of hand position are in need. PMS’s rotation angular velocity of body increased consistently, so showed instable land. Therefore the training to ensure the height of flight is required. PEJ showed high vertical position of CM at the release phase which is help for height of flight. He performed ideal V-shaped position, and took a relatively stable landing position. BGR also showed high vertical position of CM and performed ideal V-shaped position, so he landed in a posture in which the most stable. YHS should push vertically rather than horizontally at the moment of release. Especially, the hand position is not on the hamstring but on the back of the knee to perform the ideal V-shaped position. CJY showed little hip angle at the release phase, so he can’t take a position for vertical rise. Also he showed the lowest knee angle and performed rotation and landing in a state that cannot extend the knee. If such problems are corrected, it will be helpful to landing position not only in parallel bars but also in other events.
Purpose The study was designed to compare physical fitness, indices of lifestyle disease, and biochemical property of muscle according to sarcopenia and obesity in elderly women. Methods One hundred elderly women were alloted to one of four groups, i.e., sarcopenia+obesity (SO: n=20) group, sarcopenia (S: n=20) group, obesity (O: n=29) group, and normal (N: n=31) group. Criterion for sarcopenia was 'appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/height2<5.4 kg/㎡', and criterion for obesity was 'percent body fat>35%'. Dependent variables regarding physical fitness, lifestyle disease, and biochemical property of muscle were measured and compared among four groups. Results 1) Regarding daily living fitness, grip strength, upper arm flexion, sit-and-reach, up and go, and VO2max in SO group and S group were significantly lower than N group. Regarding isokinetic function, peak torque and average power in SO group and S group were significantly lower, and relative values to body weight in SO group and O group were significantly lower than N group. 2) Regarding hypertension, resting HR and RPP in SO group and O group were significantly higher than S group and N group. Regarding diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose and HOMA-IR in SO group and O group were significantly higher than S group and N group. Regarding hyperlipidemia, HDL-C in SO group and O group were significantly lower than S group and N group. Regarding atherosclerosis, TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in SO group and O group were significantly higher than S group and N group. 3) Regarding biochemical property of muscle, IL-6 in SO group and O group were significantly higher than S group and N group. Conclusion It was concluded that physical fitness was declined in sarcopenia elderly, and that relative value of isokinetic function, indices of lifestyle disease, and inflammation markers were deteriorated in obesity elderly. Especially, the decline and deterioration of physical fitness and indices of lifestyle disease were even more severe in the elderly who had the both status. Therefore, the efforts should be made to prevent and improve sarcopenia and/or obesity.
This article aims to examine the research trend of sport history by analysing published research articles over the last decade in the Korean Journal of History for Physical Education, and suggest directions of research in sport history based on the results. We have reviewed a total of 264 articles relying on the analytic framework including the criteria of time period, method, nation, theme/topic, and purpose. The research findings are as follows. First, the post-Liberation period has been studied most often with 45.3%, followed by the Japanese Colonization period (20.2%), the Joseon Dynasty period (11.4%), the diachronic research (8.8%), the period from ancient times through Goryeo (8.1%), and the period of Enlightenment (6.2%). The results indicate that most recent studies in the journal unilaterally focus on the Modern and Contemporary history with 71.7%. According to the analysis result by research method, second, more than 90% of the studies have been conducted using qualitative methods while only 0.6% of the papers have adopted quantitative methods. The qualitative methods include textual analysis, participant observation, oral life story, and focus group interview. Textual analysis has been used most often with 74.5%. Oral life story has been second (22.5%), followed by participant observation (2.1%) and focus group interview (0.3%). The findings from this category show that it is still necessary to diversify research methods and vitalize interdisciplinary research. Third, in terms of nation, over 70% of the papers have studied about Korea, and European countries are the second most frequent region in the research trend (8.3%). The nation that follows is China with 6.4%. Although we analysed a Korean journal in sport history, the result exposes the lack of scholarly attention in the studies of sport history to world sport history reflecting comparative perspectives. By the criteria of theme/topic, fourth, genre has been studied most often with 31.7%, followed by figure (14.1%), facility/institution/organization (14.0%), system/policy/event (12.8%), philosophy/ideology/theory (6.7%), remains/relics/documentary material (6.3%), and domestic regions (5.4%). The results show that the recently published research articles have attempted to include a variety of genres in sports, play, and dance. While the topics for figure and facility/institution/organization also receive significant interest, it is limited that the studies mostly focus on male sport figures but female figures are barely explored. Even when female figures are researched, the attempts are observed only in the studies of dance. Fifth, the largest ratio of papers has had the research purpose of historical evolution (37.6%), followed by value/significance (20%), type/characteristic (15.5%), thoughts/ideology/theory (9.1%), origin (6.6%), suggestion/proposal/prediction (5%), comparison/correlation (5%), and concept/terminology (1.2%). The results expose that the studies tend to concentrate on historical evolution relying on chronological description while the research on concept/terminology is of little scholarly interest. Based on what we have found, it is identified that the recent studies in sport history have mostly focused on the historical evolution of a specific sport genre in the Korean Modern and Contemporary history using textual analysis. Consequently, the results suggest that researchers in sport studies need to put in additional effort to expand research topics and methods, and invite comparative perspectives involving inter/cross-national studies.
