Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait patterns and muscle activations according to dual tasks during stair ascending. Methods Twelve sedentary young male adults(Age: 27.0±1.8 yrs, Weight: 65.8±9.9 kg) without any lower extremity injuries participated in the study. Participants performed stair walking up 7 floors and their ascending motion on each floor was analyzed according to dual tasks. A wireless electromyography (EMG) were attached on the Rectus Femoris(RF), Biceps Femoris(BF), Gastrocnemius(GN), Tibialis Anterior(TA) muscle to calculate integrated EMG(iEMG) and co-contraction index(CI). Chest and left heel accelerometer signal were recorded by wireless accelerometer and those were used to calculate approximate entropy(ApEn) for analyzing gait pattern. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was LSD. Results The results of this study indicated that dual task appeared to increase their time, CI and there were a statistically significant difference in most muscle on each floors compared to the non dual tasks. Also, ApEn were a statistically significant difference in only left and right direction than non dual task. Subjects showed more irregular pattern and instability muscle activation response during dual tasks. Conclusion Because there are many dangers often use of stairs in everyday life, in the future, we have to make a lot of efforts to prevent fall.
Purpose Student-athletes in Korea are confronted with career development in both academics and sport. This paradigm change in sport policy aims at guarantee of student-athletes' learning rights and successful career transition after sport. But dual career development can be a difficult task for student-athletes, if there is a lack of social support. The purpose of this study was to provide updated information regarding the burnout-in-sport literature and suggest directions for future research in sport psychology. Methods This study is based on reviewing the literature. In order to improve the validity of discussion, the author focused on the findings of the published research articles targeting student-athletes. The outcomes were examined and discussed based on models and measurement tools of athletes’ burnout. Results First, longitudinal study is needed to understand causalities in sport burnout. Second, it is necessary to develop korean sport burnout scale reflecting our social and cultural contexts. To do this, qualitative research should be preceded to provide in-depth understanding on burnout phenomenon of student-athletes. Third, the cut-off values which can allow the separation between clinical and nonclinical athletes should be developed. Fourth, due to dual career development as a new sport environment, burnout research has to pay attention both psychological variables in person and environmental variables. Conclusions Since the 1990s burnout research in sport psychology has been increased in its quantity as one of the remarkable topics in Korea. Based on the comprehensive and systematic review of the literature, directions for future research are suggested.
