PURPOSE This study aimed to explore ways to utilize augmented reality (AR) in school sports and leisure by examining the case of an elementary school sports club using augmented reality-based e-sports. METHODS A self-study approach and Eisner's(1995) educational criticism were utilized. Data including photos, videos, literature, and memory boxes related to the elementary school AR sports club were collected weekly during the school semesters from March 2023 to January 2024, spanning a total of 30 weeks. The data were analyzed following the stages of analysis by Elo & Kyngäs(2007). RESULTS Augmented reality can act as a personalized exercise coach by visualizing physical activity information. Through posture and movement analysis, education on physical strength and expression can be provided that is linked to home; it can also expand the range of sports experiences and create a new sports culture. In order to effectively utilize AR, edtech field experts must be trained, and content must be developed through cooperation between companies and schools. The educational effectiveness of the content must be verified and the management system must be inspected, and public facilities utilizing edtech must be expanded. CONCLUSIONS AR has endless development potential in school sports and leisure, but these will require active interest and support from educational authorities.
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the functional movement in rope climbing. METHODS The rope climbing experiment included 16 healthy young male participants, and the methods of hand, cross-leg, and foot-hooking climbing were employed. The muscle activity and joint range of motion were measured and analyzed using EMG (Electromyography) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors. One-way analysis of variance was conducted (α<.05). RESULTS The activity of the forearm and biceps muscle was lower in cross-leg and foot-hooking climbing compared to hand climbing (p<.01), and the rectus femoris muscle activity in cross-leg climbing was smaller than that in hand climbing (p<.05). Furthermore, the adductor muscle activity in cross-leg climbing was higher than that of other types (p<.01). The range of motion for the elbow and shoulder flexion was smaller in hand climbing than in other types (p<.05); furthermore, the range of motion in the pelvis, thigh, and knee joint was the smallest in cross-leg climbing (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Because the pulling muscles such as the forearm, biceps, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi play an important role in the entire climbing motion, it is necessary to train the upper-body pulling-muscle group along with strengthening the core and lower body muscles.
Although delayed heart rate recovery (HRR) and impaired autonomic nerve system (ANS) modulation after acute exercise are related with cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, studies evaluating ANS changes with local exercise are still unsatisfied. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the modulation of ANS-related parameters, followed by upper or lower body exercise. Eleven male without cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases measured basic body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV). This study based on randomized cross-over design; AE composed with arm-ergometer, and LE involved with leg cycling. Participants had at least one week wash-out between each exercise, also there was no cool-down after exercise. All sessions were performed with intensity of 50 % target heart rate for 30 min. With measurement of Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during every 10 min, HRV was measured Kubios HRV software using R-R intervals collected with Polar RS800CX in post-exercise recovery (for 30 min). As a result, heart rate (HR) and RPE were same (p > 0.05) through the experiment. As results of this study, SDNN and rMSSD in time domain on LE were higher than on AE during post-exercise recovery. When LE compared with AE used by Poincare plot, both parasympathetic reactivation (SD1) and autonomic nerve regulation (SD 2) on LE were higher than AE. Immediately after submaximal exercise, the high-frequency component on LE was significantly greater compared to AE. Also, the LF/HF ratio and LF nu reflecting sympathetic activity were higher on AE than LE. In contrast, the HF/TP ratio and HF nu reflecting vagal tone were greater on LE than AE. In conclusion, this study suggested regional lower body exercise recovers more sufficient than regional upper body exercise after submaximal aerobic exercise at same HR. Local exercise like leg cycling needs a careful approach to apply for accurate exercise prescription and effective training.
