Purpose The aim of this study was to provide athletes and coaches on informations and benefits of a taper through evidence-based scientific studies and literatures in order to optimize an athlete’s top performance for the major competition. Methods Studies and literatures search was conducted using the databases RISS, KISS, SPORTDiscuss. Key words searched: taper AND(competition, OR performance, OR training, OR training). This study were eventually cited by 22 articles for results of this in total 100 articles. Results The training load is remarkably reduced during a taper. With a reduced training load, training intensity should be maintained during the taper. The training load reductions during the taper should be programmed with reducing training volume at 41% to 60% of pretaper training. The reduction of training frequency during a taper means that affect moderately trained athletes and highly trained subjects differently, reducing 30% to 50% of pretaper training and maintaining training frequencies, respectively. Detraining the duration of a taper is not easy. Most athletes is beneficial from a 2-week shorter or longer tapers, depending on their individual profiles of fitness loss, fatigue dissipation, and anxiety. The manipulations of this training program variables usually affect for most athletes and maximal performance gains. Conclusion Training intensity should be maintained during the taper, training volume reductions should be programmed at 41% to 60% of pretaper training. The reduction of training frequency could be reduced 30% to 50% of pretaper training, and most athletes is beneficial from a 2-week shorter or longer tapers. Future researches should be conducted the practical & effectual differences in individual and teamed-based sports after a taper procedure.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to overcome the shortcomings of 109C(Forward 4 ½ somersault) skill(Level 3.7) for two members of the men’s national diving team(YHR, KYN). Methods For qualitative analysis of the performed skill, three high-speed cameras and water-attached EMGs consisting of a total of ten placements were used. We instructed the two players to perform single-leg jump and double-leg jumps a total of three times each. Results The results of this study indicate that YHR and KYN appeared to increase their time or maintain the same time compared to the previous phase and displacement appeared higher when skill success occurred after the double-leg jump. The Shoulder & hip joints of YHR, KYN appeared larger in E2 and the hip joint of KYN appeared to increase in E1. Single-leg jump appeared similar or decreased the performed time of the previous phase in the last P5. YHR appeared larger only at a hip joint angle and KYN appeared smaller at the hip joint. The muscle activity(iEMG) of the two players appeared greater during skill failure than most of the muscles. Conclusions When perfectly performing 109C skills, the acquisition of medals in international competitions is possible. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to study all of the variables that pertain to 109C.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the maximal strength, isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic capacity according to the position of college and professional rugby players. Methods Subjects for this study were 54 athletes and randomly divided into 4 groups: the forwards group in college rugby players (FCRP, n = 10), backs group in college rugby players (BCRP, n = 16), forwards group in professional rugby players (FPRP, n = 16), and backs group in professional rugby players (BPRP, n = 12). Physical fitness was consisted of squat, bench press, bilateral grip strength. Isokinetic knee and trunk muscle functions were measured by Humac Norm device, and anaerobic pedaling power was analyzed by Wingate test. Significant differences between groups were determined with one-way repeated ANOVA. Results As the result of this study, there was no statistically significant difference between the absolute and relative values of the squat and bilateral grip strengths, but bench press was significantly higher in FPRP and BPRP compared to other groups. Isokinetic knee and trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength showed stronger in FPRP and BPRP than those in FCRP and BCRP. In addition, the anaerobic pedaling power was also the highest in FPRP and BPRP. Conclusions Our findings suggest important information that the college rugby players and forwards in professional rugby team should be given scientific training to improve their maximum strength, isokinetic strength and anaerobic power.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of Jang Changsun’s winning gold medal in the 1966 Toledo World Amateur Wrestling Championship and its meaning. [Methods] Jang Changsun and Katsumura Yasuo who had competed with Jang Changsun for the gold medal were selected as participants, a player and an executive who had participated in the Championship were selected as informants. Data had been collected by in-depth interview were analyzed firstly by using the Patton(1991)’s data analysis method, and the following conclusions were obtained by comparing with preceding studies, press releases, reports etc. [Results] Jang Changsun won a gold medal through the three stages of desperate struggles. The first struggle was to loose weight. Jang Changsun lost three times more weight than other players through fasting treatment, intensive training and dehydration in order to secure an advantageous position in the competition. His second struggle was the sparring itself. He made his mind to win gold medal 2 years before the Championship and started to strengthen his physical fitness and polish up his techniques to fight with strong players from powerful nation of wrestling. He finished the sparring by winning 4 games and tieing 2 games resulting in the same deduction points with Katsumura. It was inevitable for him to fight desperately to lose weight again to get gold medal. He eventually won the gold medal by losing his weight until he fainted because of injuries and serious dehydration. [Conclusion] The first gold medalist Jang Changsun contributed a lot to development of Korean sports by offering chance to consider significance of improving elite player’s exercising environment, scientific coaching, gaining self-confidence to win medal, and realizing the importance of sports informations.
PURPOSE This study was designed to propose a quantitative base training evaluation method through alpine ski training monitoring using a triaxial accelerometer. METHODS Twelve Korean alpine ski athletes, six each in France and New Zealand, participated in this study. Activity data during training and daily living were collected for 7 days via the Actigraph GT9X. The collected data were downloaded through ActiLife Ver 6.13.1. Energy expenditure was calculated with Freedson (2011), and the resting metabolic rate was corrected using the Harris & Benedict (1918) formula. Further, the physical activity intensity classification criteria and METs formula of Freedson (1998) were used to classify hourly activity intensity. The collected data were organized by date, time, intensity, and energy expenditure using Microsoft Excel 2016. Differences between weekdays vs. weekends and skiing vs. physical training were analyzed through a paired sample t-test using Windows SPSS 23 with a significance level of a=.05. RESULTS First, both groups showed repetitive on and off high-intensity activities during scheduled ski training and competition. Second, moderate-intensity activities accounted for an average of 6-10%, and the weekly total time and intensity of MVPA was very high. Finally, the group from France showed differences in total energy expenditure during weekdays vs. weekends (p<.05) and the energy expenditure of both ski training and physical training during weekdays vs. weekends (p<.05). The New Zealand group showed a difference in total energy consumption during weekdays vs. weekends (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS A systematic training program based on quantitative training evaluation should be developed for alpine ski athletes to maintain proper rest and exercise intensity levels.
Purpose Based on the match data of major judo world competitions in the last five years, this study identifies differences in general characteristics and environmental factors according to scoring technique and scoring times. And by exploring the factors associated with scoring technique, I would like to present a practical strategy that can be used to establish guided tactics. Methods 50,828 points were used for analysis of the entire men and women who competed from 2016 to 2020. Differences in the characteristics of the world's leading athletes according to their types of technique were used in conjunction with the chi-square test and the one-way ANOVA with Sceffe test to produce results. Results The results of this study showed that the type of skill by foot technique was the most common, and the ratio of hand skill to female player to push and foot skill was relatively high. The higher the weight class, the lower the ratio of hand technique, the higher the press rate, and the frequency of skill types also increased. At the Olympic Games, the ratio of hardening technique was higher than that of other competitions, and as the year progressed, the ratio of hand and waist technique increased, and the number of mat-hold decreased. The ratio of hardening technology was relatively high, and the ratio of hand-to-foot technology was relatively high as the semi-final and final rounds were higher. As for technical time, the male athlete's skill time appeared to be about 12 seconds longer on average, with the lowest in the heavyweight class and the longest in the lightweight class. Athletes from the Asian continent appeared to have the longest technical time, which is believed to have resulted from the characteristics of excellent physical strength, good endurance, and strong hardening technique. The skill time leading to the score by pressing and hand skill was the longest, and the waist skill and grip skill time were relatively short. Half of them appeared about 5 seconds shorter on average compared to the first round, and the more important the game (the 4th round, semi-final, and final) the longer the skill time. Conclusion In conclusion, through this study, the characteristics of the world judo players' skill types and time were confirmed, and based on this, it is necessary to analyze and systematize the technical types of the world's best athletes, including Korean athletes, in order to improve their judo performance.
[Purpose] A potential issue for wheelchair sports are the characteristics of wheelchair design. The purpose of this review was to investigate the characteristics of design in wheelchair sports including the height of seat, camber and handrim size for improving the performance. [Results] The optimum height of seat related to trunk, arm length and handrim size. The lower seat showed the push efficient highly, while higher seat increased the energy expenditure. In energy expenditure, the optimum height of seat was 100-120° of elbow angle. Handrim size play the role in gear. The smaller handrim size acts like high gear, it gains disadvantages in acceleration, it gains advantages in maximum velocity. On the contrary, the higher handrim size acts like low gear, it gains disadvantages in maximum speed, it gains advantages in acceleration. The ratio of gear consideration in power and velocity. When increased camber enhanced the lateral stability, easier catch the handrim and easier arm motion. So it improved the energy expenditure and push technique. When increased camber enhanced the mechanical efficiency and stability, but it decreased the power. The racing wheelchair camber using the 8° and 10°. [Conclusion] Athletes, coaches and wheelchair experts are provided with insight in the performance effect of key wheelchair design settings, and they are offered a proven sensitive method to apply in sports practice, in their search for the best wheelchair-athlete combination.
