Common Method Biases(CMB) is not the matter of measuring tools but the various errors caused by measurement. One of the procedural remedies to overcome these errors is the separation of measurement. However, according to the analysis of the papers published in sports psychology academic journals during the last ten years, the papers used the separation of measurement were just 24 papers of total 197 papers and most measurement were the questionnaires of Likert scale. So this research introduces the Situational Judgment Test(SJT) which can measure the psychological variables using different method except for the questionnaires of Likert scale and describes the developing process and the existing research results. In addition to this, on the basis of the Situational Judgment Test(SJT) developed in the area of sports, it suggests that the scoring key methods which is applied both the distance score and order score show better the validity compare with methods using only the distance score.
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of focus of attention on beginning golfers’ competitive anxiety and motor performance. METHODS Forty-eight college students with no prior golf putting experience were selected as participants and randomly assigned to internal-focus, external-focus, holistic-focus, and control groups (12 participants each). All subjects performed 5-m golf putting in acquisition, noncompetitive, and competitive situations. RESULTS In competitive situations, the internal-focus, holistic-focus, and control groups showed golf putting accuracy and consistency similar to those in noncompetitive situations, whereas the external-focus group’s golf putting accuracy and consistency were significantly lower in competitive situations than in noncompetitive situations. In addition, the holistic-focus group showed significantly higher golf putting accuracy than the control group in both competitive and noncompetitive situations. CONCLUSIONS Holistic-focus can be used effectively as a strategy for beginners to learn motor skills and reproduce learned motor skills when state anxiety increases. However, external attention focus cannot be considered a strategy to induce effective beginners’ exercise performance when competitive state anxiety increases.
