PURPOSE This study presents policy implications for a Korean sports commission’s introduction and the strategies to realize it. METHODS As an important policy tool, a sports commission system attracts large-scale sports events, revitalizes local economies, and promotes the sports industry’s sustainable development. Such an introduction’s necessity and direction were explored through analysis of overseas cases and interviews with experts. First, the study examined the concept of a sports commission system, along with major overseas cases and derived policy implications to present a model suitable for Korea’s reality. RESULTS Introduction of a sports commission system requires reorganization of legal and administrative systems, strengthening the public-private cooperation model, convergence with the local tourism industry, and customized operation tailored to regional characteristics. In addition, future research directions include evaluating the system’s effectiveness after its introduction, operating customized commissions for each region, and developing sustainable models. CONCLUSIONS The results provide policy guidelines for successful introduction of the Korean sports commission system and can play an important role in establishing a foundation for development of the future sports industry and local economy. Furthermore, establishment of a comprehensive mid-to-long-term plan, including criteria for regional selection, organizational structure, and role distribution, should be prerequisite to introducing the system.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between emotion and control focus and training involvement in games where elite shooters are late. Methods Thus, 228 elite shooters were selected and the research results were derived based on data analysis using discriminatory emotions, control focus, and training attendance scales. Results According to the analysis of the correlation between emotion, control focus, and training involvement, positive emotions of surprise, enjoyment, and interest showed a static relationship with improvement focus and training involvement, while negative emotions such as anger and guilt had a static relationship with prevention focus, but showed an inadequate relationship with training involvement. The multiple regression analysis between emotion and control focus showed that the improvement focus showed the most significant effect of enjoyment emotion, while the prevention focus showed that instability had the most effect on the prevention focus. Overall, the focus of improvement has been shown to be affected by training. Finally, it was found that positive sentiment had a positive effect on improvement focus and training involvement, while negative sentiment affected prevention focus and reduced cognitive involvement. Conclusions Positive sentiment toward the competition has been confirmed to enhance training participation by strengthening the focus of improvement, but negative sentiment has been shown to enhance the focus of prevention, reducing cognitive involvement.
Purpose Student-athletes in Korea are confronted with career development in both academics and sport. This paradigm change in sport policy aims at guarantee of student-athletes' learning rights and successful career transition after sport. But dual career development can be a difficult task for student-athletes, if there is a lack of social support. The purpose of this study was to provide updated information regarding the burnout-in-sport literature and suggest directions for future research in sport psychology. Methods This study is based on reviewing the literature. In order to improve the validity of discussion, the author focused on the findings of the published research articles targeting student-athletes. The outcomes were examined and discussed based on models and measurement tools of athletes’ burnout. Results First, longitudinal study is needed to understand causalities in sport burnout. Second, it is necessary to develop korean sport burnout scale reflecting our social and cultural contexts. To do this, qualitative research should be preceded to provide in-depth understanding on burnout phenomenon of student-athletes. Third, the cut-off values which can allow the separation between clinical and nonclinical athletes should be developed. Fourth, due to dual career development as a new sport environment, burnout research has to pay attention both psychological variables in person and environmental variables. Conclusions Since the 1990s burnout research in sport psychology has been increased in its quantity as one of the remarkable topics in Korea. Based on the comprehensive and systematic review of the literature, directions for future research are suggested.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a functional fatigue protocol on lower extremity dynamic and static postural control. Methods A total of 20 physically active collegiate students participated in this study (ten males, ten females; age 22.5±2.7 years; mass 67.0±13.0 kg; height 168.0±8.9 cm). A unilateral stance with eyes closed for 10 seconds was performed to test static postural control using a balance force plate and single-leg drop landing on 30cm box was performed as a dynamic postural control test and captured using VICON motion analysis system. Results The results of this study showed an average heart rate of 176.3 beats/minute, an 18 rating on the perceived exertion scale, significant differences in blood lactate, and a static postural control deficit after fatigue as compared with before fatigue(p<.05). Dynamic postural control after fatigue changed landing strategy in the form of stiff landing. Knee flexion was decreased at initial contact and at peak vertical ground reaction force, also, both decreased valgus and internal rotation of knee joint. Conclusions This protocol may use for enhancing fatigue-endurance training as well as for inducing fatigue. Further, to ascertain a landing strategy, it is recommended to increase landing height to clearly observe changes in landing strategy.
Sport Imagery Questionnaire of Hall et al.(1998) was developed to investigate the imagery type of athletes objectively. The purpose of this research is to verify validity and reliability of Korean SIQ by using Rasch Model, in order to make up for complement drawback of SIQ which was developed only using factorial analysis. This research conducted first and second questionnaire survey. Second survey was conducted targeting different study participants from those of first survey. The participants of first survey was 265 athletes of Chungcheong Province, and the participants of second survey was 169 athletes of Chungcheong Province. SPSS 21, Winstep 3.62, and AMOS 18 was used for date analysis. The result of Rasch Model verification for the data of first survey revealed that 8 items of SIQ were unfit. Thus, 5 factors and 22 items were determined. 7 point Likert scale was revealed to be a good fit. The result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the data of second survey revealed that Construct Validity of 5 factors and 22 items was valid and reliability was high by recording Cronbach’α value .954. External Validity was revealed to be high by showing that correlation between sport confidence and MG-M imagery was high.
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week unstable surface Pilates training on physical fitness, abdominal muscle thickness, lumbar isokinetic muscle function, and pain in women aged 30–40 who are living a sedentary lifestyle and experiencing nonspecific low back pain. METHODS The training group (TR, n = 15) performed Pilates using small apparatuses on an unstable surface for 50 min/session, three sessions per week for 8 weeks, whereas the control group (n = 13) maintained their usual living pattern during the same intervention period. RESULTS 1) The body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, and fat mass decreased significantly in the TR, 2) whereas the hand grip strength, trunk extension, sit-andreach, and modified Schober test scores improved significantly. 3) The thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis increased significantly in the TR. 4) Lumbar isokinetic flexor strength per body weight increased significantly in the TR. The endurance and endurance per body weight of the lumbar isokinetic extensor and lumbar isokinetic flexor also significantly increased in the TR. 5) The Korean Oswestry disability index (KODI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) score decreased significantly in the TR. 6) Significant negative correlations were found between the change rates in the KODI and nondominant hand grip strength, external oblique thickness, transversus abdominis thickness, and lumbar isokinetic extensor endurance. A significant negative correlation was found between the change rates in the VAS score and external oblique thickness. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the 8-week unstable surface Pilates training was beneficial in improving physical fitness, abdominal muscle thickness, lumbar isokinetic muscle function, disabilityindex, and pain levels in women aged 30–40 years who were having a sedentary lifestyle and experiencing nonspecific low back pain.
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of sports life skills and life skills transfer of student-athletes and coaches, applying Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). METHODS Korean student-athletes and coaches from middle and high school sports teams participated in this study. There were 300 student-athletes (Mage=15.44, SD=1.64; male=218, female=82), with an average of 5.46 (SD=2.40) years of athletic career. Meanwhile, 33 coaches were (Mage=39.70, SD=8.36; male=26, female=7), with an average of 13.52 years of coaching career (SD=10.01). Measures included the Life Skills Scale for Student-Athletes (LSSSA; Jang et al., 2020) and Korean Life Skills Transfer Survey (KLSTS; Lim et al., 2018). Descriptive analysis, correlation, and APIM were undertaken by using the SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS First, the correlation between athletes’ and coaches’ life skills was not significant. Second, athletes’ life skills significantly affected their life skills transfer, similar to coaches’ life skills significantly affecting their life skills transfer. Fourth, coaches’ life skills did not significantly influence athletes’ life skills transfer, and the converse was not true either. CONCLUSIONS This study verified the effect of life skills development for two groups of athletes and coaches, on transfer in sports, and attempted statistical verification of whether it affects sports life skills and transfer between athletes and coaches. Although no statistically significant results were found in the partner effect, it is meaningful in that, it provided important implications for conducting a follow-up study on the relationship between athletes and coaches. In other words, it is expected to be a cornerstone for research on building a new model, along with investigating the interactive relations between athletes and coaches on life skills in the sports field.
PURPOSE This study investigated the associations between mental health and physical activity with all-cause mortality in persons with disability. METHODS A total of 595 participants (39.3% women) aged 45≥ years, who participated in the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) were included in this study. The Korean version of mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) were used to assess cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, respectively. The participants were classified into active and inactive groups based on physical activity of 150 min/week. Cox’s proportional regression analyses were used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of mental health and physical activity relating to all-cause mortality. RESULTS During the follow-up period (11.8±4.1 years), a total of 218 (36.6%) deaths occurred from all-causes. Participants in the inactive group had significantly higher cognitive impairment (p =0.046), depressive symptoms (p =0.001), and all-cause mortality (p=0.037) than those in the active group. Compared to participants in the normal (HR=1), cognitive impairment (HR=2.229, 95% CI=1.645-3.020, p<0.001), and depressive symptoms groups (HR=1.542, 95% CI=1.136-2.091, p<0.001), those in the inactive group had significantly higher HR related to all-cause mortality. However, in the active group, cognitive function and depressive symptoms were not associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The current finding suggests that the promotion of physical activity may play an important role in preventing premature death from all-causes in persons with disability, especially among those with mental health problems.
PURPOSE This study investigated the associations between physical fitness and fall efficacy with thigh circumference in elderly women with osteopenia/osteoporosis. METHODS A total of 166 female participants aged 76.3±5.0 years with –1.0≥T-score of femur neck bone mineral density were voluntarily recruited from local community centers. The participants were classified as low 25%, middle 50%, and high 25% groups based on their thigh circumference. Physical fitness measurements, including strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance, and balance were measured with a standardized protocol. The Korean version of the fall efficacy scale (K-FES) was used to assess fall efficacy. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odd ratio (OR) of poor physical fitness and low fall efficacy according to thigh circumference levels. RESULTS In terms of physical fitness, the middle 50% group (OR=0.430, 95% CI=0.194-0.953) and high 25% group (OR=0.129, 95% CI=0.049-0.343) had significantly higher linear trend for poor physical fitness compared to the low 25% group (reference), (p<0.001). In fall efficacy, the middle 50% group (OR=0.279, 95% CI=0.119-0.656) and high 25% group (OR=0.100, 95% CI=0.036-0.275) had significantly higher linear trend for low fall efficacy compared to the low 25% group (reference) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that maintaining high thigh circumference via regular physical activity and diet may contribute to attenuation of decreased risk for poor physical fitness and low fall efficacy in elderly women with osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and depression according to the presence of disease. Methods A survey and basic assessment were conducted for 2,754 (Male=1,025 and Female=1,729) aged 40 and over who participated in the rural-based cohort study. The survey included physical activity, depression scale and disease preservation. The basic assessment measured height, weight, and body fat percentage. The measured data were analyzed by using logistic regression to examine the relationship between physical activity and depression prevalence. Results First, physical activity reduced the prevalence of depression by 33% and 51%, respectively, in the general population and in patients with the disease. Second, physical activity once or twice per week reduced the prevalence of depression in patients with disease by 51%, and at least three physical activities reduced the prevalence of depression by 37% in the general population and 33% of patients with disease. Third, physical activity less than 150 minutes per week reduced the prevalence of depression in patients with disease by 43%, and physical activity of more than 150 minutes and less than 300 minutes per week reduced the prevalence of 43% of the general population and 52% of patients with disease. Physical activity over 300 minutes per week had a 38% reduction in the prevalence of depression in the general population. Conclusions This study suggests that the level of physical activity suggested by the ACSM guidelines is appropriate to reduce the prevalence of depression. In addition, the patients with the disease was found to be effective with less frequency and amount of physical activity than the general person.
