The purpose of this study was to explore Physically Activity Lifestyle pattern & constraints of high school girl in city, and then to propose P.A. promotional ways. I used International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long version and accelerometer to examine outline of P.A. pattern, and photo-voice as qualitative research techniques. The results were as followings. First, sedentary lifestyles of students in G girls' high school was terrible. Accelerometer was said that their inactive time were about 92.4%, however their moderate to vigorous time about 0.76% of the total time of a week. And, school domain of four domains(school, transportation, leisure, domestic chores) were the most active domain of all. Second, P.A. constraints were analyzed as 'because of something no'(time, effort, will, space, physical skills and person) and 'because of something'(smart phone, car, gaze, rules). The key cause were a shortage of time caused by academic based on school curriculum, sedentary leisure and transportation culture. Lastly, I proposed high school girl' P.A. promotional ways in basis of social ecological model.
Recently, there have been diverse types of physical activities supported by government policy in S. Korea. However, these activities may not be effective if they do not reach to moderate to vigorous level. This study designed school physical education system based on SPARK program, which include traditional physical education, sports club based physical activity, after school physical activity, and Saturday physical activity, to evaluate its effectiveness associated with physical fitness and empirical meanings of physical activity. This study employed a mixed method research paradigm for better understanding. Among various mixed method paradigm stances, this study employed "blending strategy" for complementary analysis. First of all, the effectiveness in health condition was evaluated by quantitative data. Specifically, physical fitness and lifestyle were analyzed by Helmas, IPAQ, and Accelerometer respectively. Second, empirical meanings of physical activity were analyzed by both Photovoice and in-depth interview which are qualitative research method. The result of this study first showed that a specially designed school physical activity program based on the SPARK contributed to improve students' physical fitness and lifestyle as well, however, there were important differences between male and female students. Second, physical achievement, alteration of spatiotemporal meaning, and change of societal relationship emerged as important themes. Further, these themes showed that they played an important role to maintain students' motivation in physical activity and consequently physical activity promotion was invigorated in school. Based on these results, we synthesized investment factors and process factors and outcome factors respectively. Finally, we suggested alternative teaching methods and suggestions for following research to overcome gender issues.
Recent research on exercise and affect has examined participants` affective changes during and after exercise with a longitudinal approach. With regard to this viewpoint, a theoretical model (Dual Mode model) has been presented to explain the different change of affect in an exercise setting and the model identified the impact of psychological factors on the affective changes. However, not only there is little empirical studies on the dual-mode model, but some relevant research has used an inappropriate statistical method (ANOVA), which cannot effectively explain the overall trends in affective change during and after exercise. Exiting research has a limitation to generalize the DM model examining only a certain gender such as active male or inactive female participants. Thus, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of intrinsic motivation on affective change during and after exercise in participants who do not take part in regular exercise considering gender based difference. 51 inactive university students (M: 36, F: 15) responded a survey measuring intrinsic motivation for running activity and participated in moderate-intensity running exercise to examine affective change during exercise. Therefore, present study examined the influence of intrinsic motivation as a psychological variable on the trend of affective changes during and after exercise based on the dual mode model. Results from the latent curve model analysis revealed that there were decreasing trends of affect during exercise and the trends were individually different. Importantly, the decreasing trends were weaker in the participants with higher intrinsic motivation[FL=-.34, p=.000]. Additionally, participants` affective responses were positively changed after the exercise in general, but the changes were not influenced by intrinsic motivation. Therefore, the decreasing trend of affective change during exercise was weaker in the participants with higher intrinsic motivation, and the positive change in affect after exercise was not influenced by intrinsic motivation.
Recent studies focus on Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) to measure levels of and areas of peoples’ physically active lifestyle because MET more readily translate peoples ’subjectively perceived physicality into standardized scores. MET also allows researchers to clearly understand the relationships between peoples’ physicality and psychological variables. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the levels of and areas of MET among Korean middle school students and to analyze the relationships between MET scores and physical self-efficacy. A total of 278 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Exploratory factor analysis, descriptive analyses, and regression analyses indicated that middle school students’ physically active lifestyle occurred in the order school, leisure, housework, and transportation areas. Female students did more physical activity in the areas of housework and transportation, compared to male students. In contrary, male students did the majority of physical activity in the areas of school and leisure. Physical self-efficacy affected students’ MET scores, especially for vigorous intensity activity. With regard to gender differences, physical self-efficacy affected male students’ MET scores in the area of leisure while female students’ MET scores were affected in the areas of school and housework. The results were discussed in light of methodological and pedagogical perspectives, and future research suggestions were provided in the discussion.
