PURPOSE This study aims to develop a coach presenteeism scale with scientifically proven reliability and validity. METHODS In order to achieve the research purpose, preliminary questions were drafted using previous studies (Lee & Kim, 2022) and existing presentation questionnaires (SPS-34, SPS-6, SPS-13). The preliminary set of questions was composed of 23 questions, which were deliberated through a meeting with subject experts. After which, a survey involving 183 coaches was conducted. In this study, statistical verification procedures were conducted through construct validation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, convergent validation and discriminant validation. RESULTS Finally, a 2-factor (DRA 5 items, DTP 5 items), 10-item coach presenteeism scale was developed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a scale with verified reliability and validity was developed to support and investigate the presenteeism phenomenon experienced by coaches. These may be used by coaches themselves to check their presenteeism status and may guide future research to effectively train athletes.
Professional volleyball league, which was launched and its popularity was steadily increased since 2005, has suffered from difficulties in its operation due to deficits after 2013. In addition, each professional volleyball team has worked out for parent company so far as a means of advertisement but does not look like effective management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate each professional female and male volleyball team management efficiency through Data Envelopment Analysis. Player salary for the input variable and points and the number of spectators for output variable were used respectively then data were analyzed using Frontier Analyst 4.0. The results were as follows. First, Hyndai capital and Rush & Cash recorded the most efficient management among all professional male volleyball team. On the other hand, Samsung showed inefficient management, followed by LIG, KEPCO, Woori Card, and Korean Air. Second, GS Caltex and IBK were discovered as the highest management efficiency among all professional female volleyball team. On the contrary, KGC recorded inefficient management, followed by Korea Expressway Corporation, Hyundai Construction and Heungkuk life.
PURPOSE This study aimed to provide evidence for improving the working environment by exploring the phenomenon of presenteeism experienced by coaches. METHODS Ten coaches experiencing presenteeism were selected as participants of the study using the snowball sampling method, and in-depth interviews were conducted. The in-depth interviews were conducted for about 50 to 60 min using semi-structured questions organized through pre-expert meetings, and inductive content analysis was conducted. RESULTS First, the health problems that developed while coaching were categorized into two detailed areas (physical and psychological symptoms). Second, the causes of presenteeism were categorized into four general areas (policy and institutional problems, poor job environment, athlete problems, and human relations). Third, performance loss due to presenteeism was categorized into two general areas (coach-athlete relationship damage and poor training performance). Finally, coping with presenteeism was categorized into three detailed areas (private time spending, joining acquaintances, and changing training methods). CONCLUSIONS The result of this study confirmed that coaches are currently experiencing the phenomenon of presenteeism for various reasons, and the symptoms and coping method for this differ with each individual. However, the phenomenon of presenteeism experienced by coaches requires further future research since it is not easily observed and the coping method is not efficient.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction on serum VEGF, bone markers and bone mineral density in elderly women. Methods The subjects were divided into three groups: low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction(BFR-LRT, n=8); high intensity resistance training(HRT, n=8); low- intensity resistance training (LRT, n=5). Both the BFR-LRT and LRT groups worked out knee extension and leg curl exercises at 20% of each estimated one-repetition maximum(1RM) and HRT group worked out knee extension and leg curl exercises at 70% of each estimated 1RM 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Results As a result after 12 weeks, serum VEGF level have increased significantly among BFR-LRT group compared to HRT and LRT groups. Serum Bone ALP level have increased significantly among BFR-LRT and HRT groups compared to LRT group. Calcaneus BMD have increased significantly among BFR-LRT and HRT groups compared to LRT group. Conclusions In conclusion, despite using low-intensity load, BFR-LRT is a efficient training alternative to HRT for improving bone metabolism in older women.
