This study examined whether or not regulatory focus can predict motivation level. 141 Ssireum player completed Korean self-regulatory focus of Hong(2005)assessing their self-regulatory focus, and Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire(BRSQ) of Lonsdale, Hodge & Rose(2008) accessing motivation level based on self-determination theory. Artificial neural network analysis was utilized to find motivation factors that determine the regulatory focus, and the option was multi-layer perception. The result represented promotion focus predicted intrinsic motivation. Also, the prevention focus predicted extrinsic motivation. This result provided that self-regulatory focus can predict player’s motivation level and promotion focus related to intrinsic motivation.
The current study aimed to investigate the impact of SERVQUAL on sport consumer behaviors using meta-analytic techniques. Findings from 25 dissertations and 26 journal articles were used to test of a model of the SERVQUAL on various sport consumer behaviors via the comprehensive meta analysis (CMA) program. Results showed that SERVQUAL has a large effect on sport consumer behaviors, with a fixed effect size of .383. In terms of the relative importance of the SERVQUAL sub-factors, sport consumer behaviors were influenced most by empathy, followed by reliability and tangibles. In predicting sport consumer behaviors, SERVQUAL had a most positive effect on, in order of, loyalty, customer orientation, and commitment. Results also found significant moderating evidence for sport facility types, publication types, publication year, the ratio of male and respondents' age.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of shoe's soles abrasion positions on gait biomechanics and joint moment of the lower limbs. Participants between the age of 20 and 29 (Male: 10, Female: 8) were chosen as subjects. These subjects wore shoes for 40 minutes with soles that were previously worn down medially or laterally. Motion analysis system consisting of 8 infrared cameras and two force platforms were used to measure the following: center of mass(COM), ground reaction force(GRF) and lower limb’s joint moment. Significant differences in the COM and GRF were observed between lateral & medial worn shoes and non-worn shoes. In addition, significant differences in ankle and knee movements were observed. The change in shoe soles is common however there is still a lack of information regarding the effects on gait patterns, joint forces, etc. This study reveals that shoes with worn down soles can negatively influence our gait pattern. We recommend that shoes be checked regularly for signs of wear and tear and changed accordingly. Furthermore, research focusing on the effects of differently shaped shoe sole abrasion is needed to recommend how they influence an abnormal gait. In addition, further studies on the relationship of worn shoes on lower back pain needs to be conducted.
PURPOSE This study examined how consumers' visual attention to ads during eSports media consumption varies over time. METHODS An experimental study with a single factor, three-level within subject experimental design was conducted, utilizing an eye-tracker to measure visual attentions, including fixation count and duration. Seventy-eight students from a national university in city B participated in the experiment. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted using the open-source statistical program R to test the research hypothesis. RESULTS Both the fixation count and duration were highest for the first ad and then gradually decreased for the second and third ad. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that eSports sponsors should consider differentiating ad pricing based on the order of exposure, then expose the first ad presented more frequently and for extended periods, and consider different shapes, colors, and movements to prevent adaptation to the initial allocation of attention.
[Purpose] The purpose of this research is to empirically analyze the relationship between self-determination and relationship commitment, customer orientation, service quality, and relation continuity intention of fitness center customers through structural equation model analysis. [Methods] For this purpose, this study set 242 members at the five fitness centers located in Seoul as the research subjects. In an effort to verify the proposed structural model, this study used IBM SPSSWIN Ver. 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. [Results] As a result, first, autonomy had a positive effect on relationship commitment. Second, competence didn’t had a positive effect on relationship commitment. Third, relatedness had a positive effect on relationship commitment. Fourth, relationship commitment had a positive effect on customer orientation. Fifth, relationship commitment had a positive effect on service quality. Sixth, customer orientation had a positive effect on relation continuity intention. Seventh, service quality had a positive effect on relation continuity intention
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the alienation and the overcoming process of the physical activity participation of people with Adventitious Visual Impairment(AVI) Methods 21 Adults with AVI were recruited and one on one semi-structured interview was conducted. Ground theory was used to analyze the data. Member check, peer debriefing was conducted to enhance the trustworthiness of this study. Results As a result, a total of 203 concepts were derived. This consisted of 21 subcategories and the common themes of the subcategories were categorized into nine categories. Specific results are as follows. First, the physical activity of people with AVI was directly affected by the sports facilities, physical activity programs, and professional instructor. This causal condition resulted in the loss of leisure experience in the context of the busy daily life and the depressed psychological state. Second, due to the perceived need of health care and the positive involvement of others, people with AVI came to expect the effect of exercise. Third, people with AVI participated in physical activity again as a tool to achieve the purpose of health improvement. This type of physical activity has a limitation that it can not guarantee the continuity of physical activity due to the limitation that it does not contain autonomy and interest of people with AVI. Conclusions Based on these results, the following suggestions were made. First, it is necessary to improve the environment for ensuring participation in physical activity of people with AVI. Moreover education and promotion of the effects and values of the exercise should be carried out for people with AVI and their guardians. Second, it is necessary to diversify physical activity types and reconstruct existing exercise programs.
Purpose This study was conducted to analyze the differences of physical characteristics focused on the physique, strength, and power for cycling national athletes (Sprint cyclists and Road race cyclists). Methods We measured various factors (e.g., height, weight, body fat ratio, thigh circumference, waist circumference, anaerobic power, isokinetic muscular strength, muscle power, squat jump by 1RM intensity, and so on) for a total 11 male cycling national athletes (5 Sprint cyclists and 6 Road race cyclists). Results First, the body composition showed the significant differences only in weight (p=0.31) and BMI (p=.001) for Sprint cyclists. Second, the values of the anaerobic power for the Sprint cyclists were significantly higher than those for the Road race cyclists only at peak power (p=0.28), whereas there was no significant difference in average power, isokinetic muscular strength, and muscle power between the two groups. Third, the isokinetic trunk flexion muscle (p = .016) for the Sprint cyclists were significantly higher than those for the Road race cyclists. Fourth, the significant difference in Time to Peak Torque was not found between two groups. Fifth, the values for the Sprint cyclists showed the significant difference in all 5 intensity groups (0%, 30%, 50%, 60%, and 80%) (p=.001) of the squat jump. Also, there was a statistically significant difference only in 0% velocity between the two groups, except for exercise intensity. Conclusions From the various measures between two groups, the Sprint cyclists relatively showed the high weight, BMI (muscle mass), and maximum power. Additionally, the isokinetic trunk flexion muscle and the squat jump were higher in the Sprint cyclists than the Road race cyclists. These data may be used as basic data to improve the physical fitness factors related to the athletic performance of the athletes by reflecting them in the effective training plan and evaluation of the athletes.
PURPOSE Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for home training, with exercises or workouts at home, has steadily increased. As a result, the popularity of home training YouTube content, which shows how to use exercise equipment or workouts without professional influence, has also increased. Therefore, this study focused on the characteristics of YouTube home training content (specialization, diversity, and interaction), personal health awareness, exercise awareness, and expectation-confirmation model to identify which required exercise continuation intention through YouTube home training. METHODS SPSS and AMOS software were used to conduct frequency, reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as to conduct correlation analysis and construct a structural equation model. RESULTS First, health and exercise awareness had a positive effect on confirmation. Second, among the characteristics of home training content, only specialization had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Third, confirmation had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and viewing satisfaction, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on viewing satisfaction and exercise continuation intention, and viewing satisfaction had a positive effect on exercise continuation intention, which proved the expectation-confirmation model in this study. CONCLUSIONS To increase exercise continuation intention through home training YouTube content, creators need to produce professional content that can stimulate viewers' internal motivation.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the changing trends of swimsuit perception by using SNS big data. Methods By using “swimsuit” and “swimsuit brand” as key words, data was searched through blogs, cafes, Jisiksin(Tip), news, and web documents provided by naver and daum. This study used 2 years of data from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2015 and social matrix program Textom was used for extracting matrix data and analyze them for frequency. To visualize data networking, NetDraw of UCINET6 program was used. Results Through analyzing the popular link words to the key words, it was known that the key words were 'swimsuit brand', 'children's swimsuit', 'rash guard', 'women's swimsuit', and 'model' in the order in 2014, and ‘swimsuit brand', 'rash guard', 'children's swimsuit', 'women's swimsuit', and 'Arena’ in the order in 2015. Second, the median of connectivity values showed that it was high in ‘swimsuit brand', 'women's swimsuit', 'children's swimsuit', 'rash guard', and 'Arena’ in the order in 2014, and ‘swimsuit brand', 'rash guard', 'women's swimsuit', 'children's swimsuit', and 'Arena’ in the order in 2015. Third, th results of CONCOR analysis demonstrated that ‘female customer’, ‘couple swimsuit’, 'rash guard', ‘brand’, 'children's swimsuit', and ‘fashion’ were grouped in 2014, and ‘brand’, ‘fashion’, 'rash guard', ‘purchase factor', and 'children's swimsuit' were grouped in 2015.
PURPOSE This study compares the effects of video group and metaverse group counseling for student athletes to analyze differences in immersion, sychological skills learning effects, and each approach’s participation experiences. METHODS Twenty-four high school archery students were divided into three groups: a metaverse experimental, a video comparison, and a control group. For the experimental and comparative groups, 10 non-face-to-face psychological skills training sessions were conducted. With the control group, results were compared and analyzed by measuring psychological skills and social presence pre- and post-training. Additionally, analysis of the qualitative effects of psychological skills training was performed. RESULTS The psychological skill test’s quantitative analysis of the video comparison group showed a more significant effect in anxiety control factors than the metaverse experimental and the control groups. Moreover, in the social presence test, both the metaverse and the video groups showed significant differences in social presence and satisfaction; furthermore, Scheff post-verification results showed that the two environments’ satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group. Qualitative analysis confirmed that the metaverse and video groups experienced psychological, technical, and relational changes in common. CONCLUSIONS Although the metaverse group using avatars was likely to increase immersion, both the video and the metaverse groups were effective in psychological skills training, suggesting that the training effect may vary depending on the non- face-to-face environment’s stability and participation method. Future studies should examine effects of applying the metaverse platform to sports psychological skills training and various psychological support activities by solving the metaverse environment’s technical limitations.
