Sportscasting in Physical Education (Lee, 2011) is a class activity that students simulate sports broadcasting (e.g., students report, analyze, and comment on game play). It encourages problem solving (PS) learning for students. Scaffolding is the support with the intention of helping the student achieves his/her learning goals and contributes to problem solving. However, limited studies have examined if sportscasting with scaffolding is effective instructional strategies for PS. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of sportscasting with scaffolding on PS abilities, and on academic achievement. Participants were 46 college students. The static-group comparison design was used: an experiment group (N=26) with supportive scaffoldings (e.g., conceptual explanation, terminology dictionary, visual materials) and a control group (N=20) with reflective scaffoldings (e.g., organizing the environment, using appropriate cues to guide behaviors, and modeling). The results revealed that students in reflective scaffoldings had higher PS abilities than students in supportive scaffoldings. However, two groups were not statistically different in academic achievement. Sportscasting with instructional scaffolding promote a deeper level of cognitive skills and male students performed better than female students. The effective scaffolding types (Lewis, 2010) for sportscasting were discussed to help students to foster PS skills.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the further direction of molecular biological studies, the advantages and limitations of assaying samples, and variables in figuring out the details of domestic and overseas studies verified through cell and molecular biological analysis in order to analyze the effect of concurrent training. The analysis study was limited to domestic and overseas literature, which investigated the effect of combined training using molecular biological analysis among studies to date. The study was reclassified by specialty, composed of professors of physical education and doctors of exercise physiology. The final selected study analyzed the subject and the trend of studies in terms of comprehensive perspectives. In detail, it analyzed hormonal and enzymatic changes in criteria such as leptin, 5-HT, ACTH(adrenocorticotropic hormone), cortisol, testosterone, GH(growth hormone), LDH(lactate dehydrogenase), CPK(creatine phosphokinase), antioxidants in blood samples and protein, and enzymatic and morphologic changes in for CRP, VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor), PAI-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), MAD(malondialdehyde), carnosin, and SDH(succinate dehydrogenase), the area of muscle fibers, ratio of type Ⅰ/Ⅱ muscle fiber and capillary proportion per muscle fiber in the extracted muscle by biopsy, for example. Finally, urine samples, and hormonal changes (like cortisol), were analyzed. The results of the analysis of domestic and overseas studies according to combined training has shown that this training has more varied effects than single training and lower improvement by interference effect or magnifying the effect of one type of training amongst the combined training types appears, rather than higher improvement through combined trainings. Therefore, it should be investigated in view of performance improvements relating to the characteristic of sports.
This study was to analyze the hierarchical importance of successful intelligence in Football coaches and players. In order to explore the hierarchical importance of successful intelligence 24 football coaches(under AFC A course) and 20 Korea Football Association U15 Players were responded to analytic hierarchy process questionnaires. In the Analytic Hierarchy Process, football coaches and players completed the AHP Questionnaire with creative intelligence, analytical intelligence and practical intelligence. The hierarchical importance order of successful intelligence for coach and player were analytical intelligence, practical intelligence, and creative intelligence respectively. Evaluation of hierarchical importance of successful intelligence for coach is analytical intelligence(.542), practical intelligence(.278), creative intelligence(.181) in order. Evaluation of hierarchical importance of successful intelligence for coach was analytical intelligence(.684), practical intelligence(.161), creative intelligence(.155) in order. The hierarchical importance of successful intelligence for coach and player were similar each other. Analytical intelligence, was evaluated most important factor for coach and player in successful intelligence. Successful intelligence is important issue for sport performance. More consider needs to Successful intelligence for sport psychology researchers.
PURPOSE This study aims to analyze the effects of injury prevention video feedback on kinetic variables of the knee joint during the cutting maneuver. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy men participated and motion and force data were collected using infrared cameras, a force plate, and a Witty timing system. Paired t-tests were employed for data evaluation using the SPSS 26.0 program. RESULTS Results showed increased abduction and lateral rotation angles of the knee joint at the lower height of the center of mass (COM) (p<. 05). The lateral rotation of the knee joint decreased at initial ground contact (p<.05). Flexion angular velocity increased at initial ground contact after video feedback (p<.05) and decreased at the lower height of COM (p<.05). Abduction angular velocity decreased at the lower height of COM (p<.05), and internal rotation angular velocity was increased on the initial ground contact (p<.05). Maximum ground reaction force for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions increased after video feedback (p<.05). Flexion and internal rotation moments increased, and adduction moment also increased (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion , video feedback effectively reduced knee load during the cutting maneuver, contributing to injury prevention for the knee joint.
PURPOSE This study explores the factors influencing eco-friendly behavioral intentions during sports spectating and infers the causal structure linking each variable to eco-friendly behavioral intentions. METHODS A total of 364 sports fans participated in the survey that collected data on Knowledge of Climate Change (KCC), Awareness of Climate Change (ACC), Attitude of Climate Change (ATT), Subjective Norm of Climate Change (SN), Perceived Behavior Control of Climate Change (PBC), and Behavioral intention to Reduce Single-Use Plastic (INT) during sports spectating. The validity of the measurement was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the validated data, latent variables’ average scores were reconstructed as input variables for the Bayesian Network, along with demographic characteristics. RESULTS The results of Bayesian network learning indicated that ACC, ATT, SN, and PBC variables directly influence INT. ACC affects ATT and SN, while ACC is influenced by KCC and sex. Conversely, PBC influenced INT but showed no association with the other input variables. SN was found to have the greatest impact on INT during sports spectating, while the influence of PBC was relatively low. CONCLUSIONS The causal structure inferred in the current study using Bayesian network learning provides insights into the previously underexplored relationship structure explaining eco-friendly behavioral intentions of sports fans in the field of sports science. The findings of this study can serve as empirical evidence for sports-related organizations to develop strategies and decision-making processes to promote sustainable sports spectatorship.
PURPOSE Sporting events constitute attractive platforms for providing participants with unique experiences. This study was aimed at investigating the structural relationships among perceived sporting event quality, image, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty of small-scale golf tournament participants. METHODS The questionnaire was structured in five dimensions: sporting event quality (4 sub-dimensions and 13 items), image (3 items), trust (3 items), satisfaction (3 items), and loyalty (4 items). A total of 217 amateur golfers from four Ecolian public golf clubs (Gwangsan, Jechon, Jeoungsun, and Younggwang) during the golf tournament participated in this study. Factor, reliability, validity, and structural equation model analyses were performed utilizing SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0. RESULTS This study indicated that sporting event quality in a small-scale sporting event was the crucial factor of image, trust, and satisfaction, which, in turn, significantly impacted loyalty. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study contribute to theoretical understandings of sporting event quality factors that predict sport consumers’ image, trust, and satisfaction in the context of sports and leisure. Additionally, this study offers practical suggestions for administrators who develop marketing strategies for small-scale sporting events.
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine contemporary sports reality and its problems through the feature-length independent film <Not Out>, which focused on baseball, a popular sport, and highlighted its rather dark side. METHODS The researcher performed a textual analysis using the perspective of critical theory. RESULTS Gwang-ho was the hero of a walk-off hit in the national baseball competition final, who suffered from three career strikes during his third year of high school and thought that he had bright future ahead of him. Before the amateur draft, Gwang-ho boldly rejected the proposal of a trainee contract from a professional team (strike 1), then he was subsequently not selected in the amateur draft (strike 2), before he applied for the college entrance examination for baseball specialties, and was eventually rejected. (strike 3) In the end, he was able to enter college through a bribe given by his father (not-out situation). CONCLUSIONS <Not Out> is a film based on a true story, and it showcased the realities of elite sports by revealing the dynamics of society and school, where the main character responded with reluctance and indifference. This movie highlighted the realities of delinquency, violence, abusive language, bribe, and violations of the right to learn and how these have continued to evade the law despite being thought to be gone.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the current injury status and traits, including damage area, cause of damage based on the situation, and type of occurrence by age group for middle and high schools, university, and professional athletes, in record competition sports (swimming, track and field, and weightlifting). METHODS The study included 503 athletes enrolled in the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee in 2020, and an online survey was conducted using the R statistical program. RESULTS Approximately 38.4% athletes suffered injuries with weightlifting (0.81 times at university) and weightlifting (7.02 times at university) during training. The lower extremities were the most affected areas in all age groups (53.8% in middle school, 48.6% in high school, 44.4% in university, and 47.4% in professional). The causes of damage found to occur most frequently were ‘lack of physical strength, overuse or lack of rest, and recurrence’ and external factors, including ‘facility programs and weather problems.’ The results showed that internal factors during training were mostly associated with ‘overuse or lack of rest and excessive attempts at skills’, while external factors were found to occur in ‘weather problems’. According to the classification of each event, the top priority of frequent damage according to the damaged area was skin bleeding of the head in swimming and muscle inflammation in the torso and upper and lower extremities. Track and field resulted in muscle inflammation in the head, torso, and upper and lower extremities. Weightlifting caused damage to the head and torso, resulted in spinal diseases (disc, spinal stenosis, etc.), and muscle inflammation in the upper and lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted changes in the training environment and training environment, including level-specific physical training, reinforcement programs, scientific access to specific skills, sufficient rest and recovery, and continuous improvement of facilities and equipment.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to grasp consumers' perception of badminton racket brand image using MDS and ISA. Methods To do this, we conducted questionnaires on those who participated in badminton and had experience of participating for 6 months or more in Seoul and Gyeonggi province from April 12 to 28, 2017, selected and analyzed a total of 313 copies as valid samples of this study. Results The results of study are as follows. First, as a result of MDS analysis, it showed that only the price of brand image attributes were in order of Trion > Joobong > Lining > Victor > Yonex, and the other attributes(Design, Functionality, Quality, Awareness, Advertising image, Event, Color, Popularity, Sophistication, Originality, Trust, Service) were in order of Yonex > Victor > Lining > Joobong > Trion. Second, as a result of ISA analysis, in I quadrant, Yonex showed functionality, quality, sophistication, and trust and Trion showed price, design, functionality and quality, Victor showed price, design, functionality, quality, color, sophistication, trust, service, and Joobong showed price, functionality, quality, and trust in this area. In quadrant Ⅱ as concentrated area, Yonex showed price and service, Trion showed color, trust, service, Victor showed price, Lining showed trust and service, and Joobong showed service in this area. In quadrant Ⅲ as low rank, Yonex showed advertising image, event, Trion showed awareness, advertising image, event, popularity, sophistication, originality, Victor showed advertising image, event, popularity, originality, Lining showed awareness, advertising image, event, popularity, originality, and Joobong showed design, advertising image, color, popularity, sophistication in this area. In quadrant IV as excess avoidance, Yonex showed design, awareness, color, popularity, originality, Victor showed awareness, Joobong showed awareness, event, originality in this area.
PURPOSE This study seeks to contribute to the enhancement of the performance of domestic wheelchair racers by producing 3D-printed customized gloves and verifying their application effect. METHODS A total of three male wheelchair racers who belong to the T54 and have won gold medals in the National Para Games within the last three years were selected as subjects. Each subject performed three session s of muscle activity and maximum speed measurements before and after applying a 3D-printed glove during the stroke and recovery phases of wheelchair racing, focusing on the pectoralis major (PM), triceps brachii (TB), and erector spinae (ES) muscles. To standardize the muscle activity measurement data, the relative muscle activity level (%) for each section was calculated by maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for each subject. All maximum speeds of each round of driving were calculated by the average record for comparative analysis. In addition, to verify the effectiveness of applying the 3D-printed glove, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, which is a non-parametric test method, was performed on all measured values using SPSS 24.0. RESULTS This study derived the following results. First, a statistically significant difference was observed in the muscle activity of each major muscle before and after using the 3D-printed glove. In common, an increase in muscle activity of the PM, TB, and ES was confirmed in the stroke section, and an increase in muscle activity of the TB was confirmed in the recovery section. Second, a statistically significant difference was documented in the maximum speed before and after using the 3D-printed glove. When using 3D-printed gloves, the maximum speed increased by 4.57, 3.63, and 1.06km/h for Payer A, and by 5.9, 6.04, and 7.86km/ h for Player B. In the case of Player C, the speed increased by 6.73, 2.27, and 0.83km/h, and all three players improved their maximum speed through the 3D-printed gloves. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the application of 3D-printed customized gloves can have a positive impact on the performance of wheelchair racers. If the application of 3D-printed customized equipment is extended to athletes in a wider range of sports in the future, this could significantly contribute to the improvement of performance in domestic disability sport.
