There has been a growing advocacy for a critical approach to physical education teacher education(PETE) in the era of globalization and ubiquitous society. Drawing on critical pedagogy, the purpose of this paper was to explore the meanings and methods for developing critical professionalism in PETE through identifying the definitions and features of critical professionalism. The notion of critical professionalism includes four crucial components: critical reflection, social sensitivity, critical thinking, and practicability. This paper suggests an inquiry-oriented physical education teacher education to develop per-service teachers’ critical professionalism in terms of providing a range of teaching methods centered on microteaching, discussion-based lessons, critical reading and writing, and using media materials. Building on findings, it was concluded that there is a need of programs for the development of policy literacy understanding complex social and cultural contexts of school physical education. Furthermore, PETE should focus on the processes of critical reflection on the teaching and learning act itself within wider social contexts, by using an inquiry-oriented approach to PETE, which will contribute to fostering teachers’ critical capacities needed to guard the educational aims of physical education against political interference.
Based on the expanding concept of public value in most of areas as well as in public administration, the purpose of this study is to explore the meaning and functions of public value in sport pedagogy in Korea. For doing this, this paper has classified the concept of public value into classical and modern concepts and re-conceptualized it throughout diverse concepts implemented in several areas (e.g., social welfare, media, & culture-arts). Thus, this paper has explored the meaning of public value in sport pedagogy for analyzing the common element among the public values of sport, education, and scholarship. The public value of sport pedagogy is conceptualized as ‘the discipline that has inquired the public knowledge and also that has been served the instrumental role for making better society’. In addition, this paper has suggested the conceptual framework to extend the areas that can be applied the public value of sport pedagogy inside and outside in Kinesiology with reflection about academic and practical activity of Sport Pedagogy. Lastly, this paper has searched the multiple functions of public value in Sport Pedagogy such as educational, cultural, integrative, and global functions that could connect the academic and professional activity of Sport Pedagogy into making the public value of Sport Pedagogy.
PURPOSE This study examines how fitness centers’ care services affect the MZ generation’s perceived value, exercise attitude, and exercise commitment and how perceived value mediates this impact. METHODS Patrons aged 20–30 who used fitness centers in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions participated in a questionnaire survey from January to February 2024, providing a total of 233 responses. Using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0, the data underwent frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. RESULTS First, perceived caring services had a significant effect on perceived value. Second, perceived value had a substantial influence on exercise attitude. Third, perceived value had no significant effect on exercise commitment. Fourth, exercise attitude significantly drives exercise commitment. Fifth, perceived caring services did not significantly affect exercise attitude or commitment. Sixth, perceived value fully mediates the relation between perceived caring services and exercise attitude. Seventh, perceived value had a full mediating effect on the association between perceived caring services and exercise commitment. Finally, tailored services and emotional support were identified as key factors in fostering MZ individuals’ positive exercise experiences and commitment. CONCLUSIONS Fitness centers should develop strategic services reflecting their customers’ goals and values to enhance their exercise attitudes and commitment and ultimately secure long-term customer loyalty.
PURPOSE This study investigated the associations between mental health and physical activity with all-cause mortality in persons with disability. METHODS A total of 595 participants (39.3% women) aged 45≥ years, who participated in the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) were included in this study. The Korean version of mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) were used to assess cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, respectively. The participants were classified into active and inactive groups based on physical activity of 150 min/week. Cox’s proportional regression analyses were used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of mental health and physical activity relating to all-cause mortality. RESULTS During the follow-up period (11.8±4.1 years), a total of 218 (36.6%) deaths occurred from all-causes. Participants in the inactive group had significantly higher cognitive impairment (p =0.046), depressive symptoms (p =0.001), and all-cause mortality (p=0.037) than those in the active group. Compared to participants in the normal (HR=1), cognitive impairment (HR=2.229, 95% CI=1.645-3.020, p<0.001), and depressive symptoms groups (HR=1.542, 95% CI=1.136-2.091, p<0.001), those in the inactive group had significantly higher HR related to all-cause mortality. However, in the active group, cognitive function and depressive symptoms were not associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The current finding suggests that the promotion of physical activity may play an important role in preventing premature death from all-causes in persons with disability, especially among those with mental health problems.
Purpose Based on Haidt's social-intuitionist theory, this study analyzes the differences in ethical decision-making between sport athletes and the general public in order to understand the ethical judgment tendencies of athletes and examine the determining factors influencing their judgment from the perspective of their environment. In so doing, this study hopes to motivate education for enhancing ethical consciousness as well as institutional policy. Methods To this end, 200 elite athletes in their twenties registered for more than 10 years at the Korean Sports Association and 200 college students in their twenties from five universities in Seoul were selected for comparison. Response trends for each item were analyzed by percentage, and differences between groups were confirmed by the χ2 test method. Results The results are as follows. First, in general ethical situations, athletes usually showed a compulsory ethical view that emphasized principles, whereas in a sports situation, they showed a double consciousness and revealed a very strong consequential ethical view which put much emphasis on outcome. Second, athletes strongly maintained a Confucian ethical view that recognized ethics as a norm compared to the general public and, as a result, it was found that paternalism was relatively stronger than rationalism in their ethical decision making. Third, athletes regarded other people's thoughts and group interests as important criteria for ethical decision-making rather than individual thoughts and interests, and showed a group-centered mindset which emphasized group harmony and relationship. Fourth, while the general public viewed excellent athletes as those with excellent skills and good personality, and valued their morality, athletes thought relatively little of the influence and importance of morality in their success. Finally, it was found that coaches and managers were fundamental to the formation of the athlete’s moral view. Conclusion An in-depth understanding of sports participants' ethical awareness should come first in order to enhance ethical consciousness in sport. I hope this study will work as a catalyst for research which approaches athletes' ethical consciousness from a socio-cultural context.
Purpose This study was to analyze and compare series of muscle activities during plank exercises with use of togu-jumper. Methods Ten male subjects (age 26.9±1.7 yrs, height 172.2±5.7 cm, weight 66.5±7.5 kg) who have no musculoskeletal disorder with one's upper or lower limb were selected as subjects. To analyze and compare series of muscle activity, five of surface EMG electrodes were attached to the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), external abdominal oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES) and gluteus maximus (GM). Each subject did plank exercise on stable support surfaces (normal surfaces) and unstable support surfaces with the togu-jumper. For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were performed with significance level p<.05. Contrasts were performed to execute post tests for results with statistical significance. Results The study showed that the average IEMG values of URA and LRA increased in Upper (Togu-jumper used upper limb) compared to normal surfaces. This is perhaps because the effects of URA more than any other muscles for body stability. Furthermore, the peak IEMG values of LRA increased in Upper and Lower (Togu-jumper used lower limb) compared to normal surfaces. In addition, peak IEMG values of EO increased in Upper compared to Normal. This may have resulted due to momentary strong muscle activity in LRA and EO to correct body posture and balance. Therefore, using Togu-jumper on upper limb maximizes the performance of core training in plank exercise. Conclusions The study may be further applied to a method for effective training. It is considered that research and analysis has to be further done on modified plank exercise. Additionally, it is necessary to analyze not only global muscle but also local muscle, as a comprehensive research, to suggest ideal method for plank exercise.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the official world records of UIPM in the last 3 years to find out the relationship between the score characteristics of fencing, swimming, equestrian, and laser-run events in the final rankings and to analyze the relative importance of each event. Methods For 3 years, from 2017 to 2019, a total of the data were collected, the final rankings, fencing conversion scores, swimming conversion scores, equestrian scores, and laser-run conversion scores for all male and female athletes who participated in the UIPM Level 1 World Cup and World Championships(1,197 finals and 2,173 qualifiers). The Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the response(subjective) variable and the conversion score of the four explanatory(independent) variables. Results The results were compared by qualification (n = 2173) and final (n = 1197) by dividing into male (n = 1179) and female (n = 1591), and the fencing score was qualifications (male β= -.691, female β= -.533) and the finals (male β= -.632, female β= -.632), it showed the greatest influence in all. On the other hand, the swim score showed the lowest impact on both qualifications (male β=-. 021, female β=-.196) and finals (male β=-. 087, female β=-. 207). The fencing event plays a major role in passing the qualifiers and is a big variable for good performance in the finals. On the other hand, in the case of swimming scores, both men and women had the lowest impact on the final ranking, and there is a limit to the final performance of swimming scores in both qualifiers. Conclusion In conclusion, it is necessary to analyze and systemize the fencing skills of the world’s best athletes, including Korean athletes, to improve the Korean fencing athletes' performance, and through such scientific analysis, a system that enables fast and flexible responses to the upcoming Olympic. Additionally, even though the importance of all sports should be levelled due to the characteristics of modern pentathlon, relative importance is biased toward fencing and swimming events are neglected. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to conduct a follow-up study on whether the scoring system in modern pentathlon consists of a scoring system that supports the records of each event and the upper and lower scoring system.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to measure the daily physical activity of male and female middle school students according to the period (VD: vaction day, SNPE: school day no PE, SPE: school day with PE) by using 3-axis accelerometer, and to compare the characteristics of adolescent physical activity according to gender and period. Methods The subjects were 130 middle school students (68 male, 62 female students). Data collection was performed using a 3-axis accelerometer(GT3X model, ActiGraph). Collected data were converted into time by intensity and rate using physical activity analysis program (Actilife v6.11.9) and analyzed by statistical program (SPSS 25.0). One-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Tukey's HSD was used as a post analysis. The statistical significance level was .05. Results As a result, during each periods(VD, SNPE, and SPE), except for MVPA(moderate to vigorous physical activity) time on SPE, sedentary and MVPA time were significantly higher in female students, and low intensity and total physical activity time were significantly higher in male students. For male students, total physical activity time was higher in the order of SPE, SNPE, and VD, and for female students, physical activity time during the semester(SNPE and SPE) was significantly higher than VD. For male students, MVPA time was significantly high in order of SPE, SNPE, and VD, and for female students, it was high in order of SPE, SNPE, and VD but only significant difference occurred between SPE and VD. For both male and female students, sedentary time was high in the order of VD, SNPE, and SPE, but the sedentary time during vacation was significantly higher than during the semester. Conclusions When summarizing the results, first, it was confirmed that school and physical education classes as a physical activity space play a significant role in physical activity, especially MVPA, of male and female middle school students, second, the physical activity effect of physical education class was found to be more effective in male students. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to conduct studies on various grades and to explore various factors affecting physical activity in a complex way.
Purpose This study aims to contemplate the identity and significance of sport ethics as an independent academic field by examining how it began and developed, where it is now, and where it will or should be moving forward. Methods First, a history of sports philosophy which gave birth to sport ethics is surveyed. Second, the emergence of sport ethics in the historical development of sport philosophy is analyzed. Third, major methodologies and theoretical frames of sport ethics are introduced. Last, what needs to be done in South Korea in relation to sport ethics is suggested. Results Sport ethics in the future is expected to resort to interdisciplinary approaches which combine a variety of academic disciplines and methodologies. In addition, sport ethics must relate its theory to practice. The pressing task for sport ethics in South Korea is to establish its identity as a separate academic field. In order to do this, we should figure out what to study in sport ethics, and continue to study about the range, methodology, and theoretical frame of sport ethics. Conclusions The establishment and development of an academic field becomes only possible when fully supported by numerous scholars’ work, practical achievement of the field, and a diversity of policy and institution, and a continued discussion and agreement on the content and methods of the discipline. In order to enhance its status as well as professionalism of sport ethics scholars, researchers of various academic backgrounds should study sport ethics, exchange ideas on theory and methodology, and spread results of studies through education, guiding through the development of sports.
Purpose The purpose of this study lies in: 1) clarifying what constitutes coaching ethics; 2) providing a theory to set up a coaching ethics in Korea; 3) and offer a direction to coaching ethics based on its normative traits. Methods In order to achieve this purpose, the following has been done: 1) a review of existing literature has been done to analyze the relationship between professionalism and ethics in coaching and explicate the concept and necessity of coaching ethics; 2) an effort has been made to answer such questions as “why and how much should a coach be ethical?”; “How should a coach be ethically evaluated?”; 3) An analysis of ethical responsibility embedded in coaching has been done, focusing on four ethical theories: Kantian categorical imperative, Aristotelian phronesis, Simon’s broad internalism, and Morgan’s conventionalism. Results This study reviews prior literature considering the relationship between professionalism and ethics in coaching and offers theoretical evidence to explain coaching ethics and its normative aspect. This will help resolve complicated ethical predicaments arising in the field. Conclusions This study emphasizes the role of coaches to improve fairness and wholesomeness in the field of sport, as well as suggests a coaching ethics required of a profession with internal regulations. Coaching ethics not only increases a sense of responsibility on the part of coaches but helps create a virtuous circle in which coaches’ ethical sensibility is reproduced in athletes as well. All in all, coaching ethics can stop important qualities of sport from deteriorating due to commercialism and the winner-takes-all attitude prevalent in sport today and contribute to a fair and wholesome sporting culture.
