PURPOSE This study explores the impact of visual shape and exercise involvement on consumers' evaluation and happiness with healthy functional foods, specifically protein cookies. METHODS Using a one-factor design with two levels (pretty vs. ugly shape) and one measured variable (exercise involvement), we uncover interesting insights. RESULTS Consumers highly engaged in exercise show a greater purchase intention for ugly-shaped healthy functional foods compared to pretty-shaped ones. Conversely, consumers with low exercise involvement express a higher purchase intention and happiness when it comes to pretty-shaped healthy functional foods compared to their ugly counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the sports management and sports science literature by shedding light on how visual shape influences the evaluation of healthy functional foods by sport consumers. Furthermore, this research offers valuable practical implications for designing the shape of such foods to cater to the preferences of sports enthusiasts.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise and MitoQ treatment on NADPH oxidase, antioxidation and vascular function-related factors in aortic of D-galactose-induced aging rats. Methods To induce the animal model of aging, D-galactose was diluted in saline, and a dose of 100mg /kg was intraperitoneally injected into Sprague-Dawley rats once a day for a total of 10 weeks. Rats were divided into five groups: Control group (CON, n=9), D-galactose control group (DC, n=9), D-galactose+MitoQ group (DM, n=9), D-galactose+Exercise group (DE, n=9), D-galactose+MitoQ + Exercise group(DME, n=9), and treadmill exercise was conducted for 5 days/week during 8 weeks with gradual increase of intensity. MitoQ treatment was intraperitoneally injected at a concentration of 100μM/kg twice a week for 8 weeks during the research period. Results The result showed that treadmill exercise and MitoQ treatment decreased the expression of NADPH oxidase level and increased antioxidant enzyme such as SOD-2, catalase. It lead to positive effects such as increasing the level of eNOS, a protein involved in vascular function while decreasing the level of VCAM-1. In addition, as a result, it showed the structurally reduced intima-media thickness. Conclusions It can be concluded that treadmill exercise and MitoQ treatment are effective in ameliorating and treating vascular dysfunction resulting from aging.
PURPOSE With participants in recreational sports clubs, this study clarified positive psychological capital’s mediating effect on the relationship between exercise commitment and perceived stress. METHODS A survey conducted with individuals actively engaged in recreational sports a yielded data for statistical analysis from 296 respondents. Data processing involved frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and testing for mediating effects using the SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 29.0 programs. RESULTS First, results showed that exercise commitment did not significantly impact perceived stress. Second, exercise commitment positively influenced positive psychological capital. Third, positive psychological capital negatively impacted perceived stress. Fourth, positive psychological capital mediated completely between exercise commitment and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS This research encourages participation in physical activities, especially among those with low physical activity levels, because it positively affects both physical and mental well-being, ultimately enhancing social benefits and overall quality of life.
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of sports injuries among badminton national team candidates during training camps and to identify appropriate measures for players to effectively manage and respond to such injuries in the future. METHODS The participants consisted of 123 individuals who took part in national team candidate training camps for badminton in 2022 and 2023. Record sheets were utilized to document the athletes' thoughts and opinions related to exercise injuries during the training period. RESULTS Badminton national team candidates experienced exercise-related injuries in various areas, including the ankles, thighs, knees, hips, shoulders, and back. Female players had a higher incidence of lower body injuries compared to their male counterparts. Through interviews with players about these injuries, individualized approaches involving appropriate rest and training adjustments were found to be necessary; additionally, educating the players about rehabilitation strategies for exercise injuries is essential. CONCLUSIONS When conducting recreational training activities, it is important to avoid fostering excessive competitive attitudes. Additionally, if potential risks are present within the exercise environment, it is crucial to assess and address these with the utmost caution.
Although delayed heart rate recovery (HRR) and impaired autonomic nerve system (ANS) modulation after acute exercise are related with cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, studies evaluating ANS changes with local exercise are still unsatisfied. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the modulation of ANS-related parameters, followed by upper or lower body exercise. Eleven male without cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases measured basic body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV). This study based on randomized cross-over design; AE composed with arm-ergometer, and LE involved with leg cycling. Participants had at least one week wash-out between each exercise, also there was no cool-down after exercise. All sessions were performed with intensity of 50 % target heart rate for 30 min. With measurement of Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during every 10 min, HRV was measured Kubios HRV software using R-R intervals collected with Polar RS800CX in post-exercise recovery (for 30 min). As a result, heart rate (HR) and RPE were same (p > 0.05) through the experiment. As results of this study, SDNN and rMSSD in time domain on LE were higher than on AE during post-exercise recovery. When LE compared with AE used by Poincare plot, both parasympathetic reactivation (SD1) and autonomic nerve regulation (SD 2) on LE were higher than AE. Immediately after submaximal exercise, the high-frequency component on LE was significantly greater compared to AE. Also, the LF/HF ratio and LF nu reflecting sympathetic activity were higher on AE than LE. In contrast, the HF/TP ratio and HF nu reflecting vagal tone were greater on LE than AE. In conclusion, this study suggested regional lower body exercise recovers more sufficient than regional upper body exercise after submaximal aerobic exercise at same HR. Local exercise like leg cycling needs a careful approach to apply for accurate exercise prescription and effective training.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the alienation and the overcoming process of the physical activity participation of people with Adventitious Visual Impairment(AVI) Methods 21 Adults with AVI were recruited and one on one semi-structured interview was conducted. Ground theory was used to analyze the data. Member check, peer debriefing was conducted to enhance the trustworthiness of this study. Results As a result, a total of 203 concepts were derived. This consisted of 21 subcategories and the common themes of the subcategories were categorized into nine categories. Specific results are as follows. First, the physical activity of people with AVI was directly affected by the sports facilities, physical activity programs, and professional instructor. This causal condition resulted in the loss of leisure experience in the context of the busy daily life and the depressed psychological state. Second, due to the perceived need of health care and the positive involvement of others, people with AVI came to expect the effect of exercise. Third, people with AVI participated in physical activity again as a tool to achieve the purpose of health improvement. This type of physical activity has a limitation that it can not guarantee the continuity of physical activity due to the limitation that it does not contain autonomy and interest of people with AVI. Conclusions Based on these results, the following suggestions were made. First, it is necessary to improve the environment for ensuring participation in physical activity of people with AVI. Moreover education and promotion of the effects and values of the exercise should be carried out for people with AVI and their guardians. Second, it is necessary to diversify physical activity types and reconstruct existing exercise programs.
The cerebellum is one of the major parts of the brain involved in the motor control including motor coordination, muscle tone, balance, and the learning of motor skills. The purpose of this review paper was to explore of pathophysiology, anatomical function and neurophysiological mechanism for cerebellum. For this, we sought to examine of previous study related cerebellar disease. Specifically, this paper suggested that motor deficiency of limb movements, coordination, gait/posture balance, adaptation of during movement execution through information proprioception or kinaesthesia, and motor planning and programming of cerebellar patients. We expect that this review will be able to offer the useful information to research. For example, movement scientists will provide an academic information about cerebellar ataxia. Patients and their families will provide relevant information to the daily life (e.g., management and rehabilitation exercise).
PURPOSE Using GPS data from actual field hockey matches, this study examined the effects of position and substitution time on the physical performance of elite female players. METHODS From 25 matches played in 2023, data involving 26 players were collected. Players’ positions were classified as forwards (FW), midfielders (MF), and defenders (DF). Substitution times were segmented into 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively. A two-way ANOVA was employed to analyze movement patterns across different exercise intensities as influenced by player position and substitution time, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests for further detailed analysis. RESULTS Analysis revealed that both position and substitution time significantly affected exercise intensity. Notably, at a substitution time of 5 minutes, substantial differences were observed in high-intensity movements, including the distance covered at high-intensity and the frequency of high-intensity efforts. Furthermore, the substitution time’s impact was particularly pronounced among forwards and midfielders. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that shorter substitution times can enhance players’ active movement, thereby supporting maintenance of tactical adjustments and positively influencing overall performance. Implementing shorter substitution times could be particularly beneficial for optimizing team performance, especially for players in forward positions.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between QTc interval and maximal oxygen consumption(V˙O2max) and body fat distribution in middle-aged men. Abnormal subjects (QTc interval, ≥440ms, n=10) and normal subjects(≤430ms, n=11) using QTc interval based on the Bazzet's equation were involved in the study. After overnight fasting, blood and blood pressure were measured. Abdominal fat area and regional fat compartment were measured by computed tomography(CT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA), respectively. For V˙O2max, the subjects underwent a maximal graded exercise test on a cycling ergometer. Abnormal group was significantly higher in SBP, basal insulin, HOMA-IR, and leg fat compared with normal. There was a significant relationship(r=.614, p=.03) between QTc interval and V˙O2max in all subjects. Also, partial correlation analysis showed a significant relationship(r=.480, p=.032) between the QTc interval and V˙O2max. Having a QTc interval outside normal range significantly worsened risk parameters for metabolic syndrome, in particular blood pressure and insulin resistance. Moreover, QTc interval was strongly correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged men. This study indicates that further study will be needed to assess the exercise training effects on QTc interval.
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of clubbell and stepbox training on physical fitness, badminton skills, and fatigue in male badminton, grade A (top grade) club members aged 20–30s, with over 5 years’ experience. METHODS Participants in a training group (TR: n=15) engaged in 12 weeks of clubbell and stepbox circuit training involving maximum 8–12 reps of clubbell exercises and stepbox exercises at over 77% of HRmax for 50–55 min/sessions three times a week. Participants in a control group (CON: n=15) maintained their normal lifestyle pattern during the same intervention period. Dependent variables were measured and compared using repeated measures two-way ANOVA. RESULTS The main results were as follows: 1) The groups showed no significant differences in body composition. 2) Regarding physical fitness, VO2max, relative peak power, relative average power, grip strength, push ups, repeated jump squats, SSPT (seated single-arm shot-put test), 10 m sprint, and hexagon agility increased significantly in the TR, while push ups decreased significantly in the CON. 3) As for badminton skills, forehand clear accuracy, badminton agility, badminton endurance, and smash speed increased significantly in the TR. Forehand clear accuracy decreased significantly in the CON, but badminton agility and smash speed increased significantly. 4) The groups showed no significant differences in fatigue. CONCLUSIONS In male badminton club members aged 20–30s, 12 weeks of clubbell and stepbox circuit training effectively improved physical fitness and badminton skills. However, lack of any improvement in body composition and fatigue warranted further research in these areas.
