PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to find the best model to predict the demand of visitors in Let’s Run Park by using machine learning and to provide effective data for establishing future marketing strategies. METHODS For this purpose, three methods of machine learning were applied: random forest, adaboost, and gradient boosting. The variables for predicting the audience were weather data and the number of visitors per date for four years as training data, and the accuracy was predicted by comparing the actual data for one year. RESULTS First, the performance evaluation using random forest was conducted, RMSE =1856.067, R2= .965, and error was 6.47%. Second, the performance evaluation using Adaboost was conducted, RMSE =1836.227, R2= .965, and error was 5.25%, which was the lowest among the three machine learnings. Third, the performance evaluation using gradient boosting showed that RMSE =1797.400 and R2= .967 were the most accurate among the three machine learnings and error was 6.99%. CONCLUSIONS As a result of this study, each of the three machine learning features existed, but the most efficient model was gradient boosting. In addition, the best way to utilize it in the field is to predict the number of visitors by comprehensively judging the results of the three machine learning, and it is judged that it will help efficient management decision making in the future.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop the estimating equations for 4 types of Wingate Anaerobic test setting. METHODS 80 male elite athletes performed 4 trials of the Wingate Anaerobic test by each type. Subjects were conducted the retest one week later. Data collected from the Wingate Anaerobic test included mean power, peak power, and power drop for 30s were measured. Coefficient of correlation was used for validity of type 1(DOS version) and the other types(ver. 2.24, 3.3.0, and 3.2.1). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the reliability of test and retest. Simple regression analysis was used for calculating the estimating equation. RESULTS There was significant correlation for absolute value(Watt, p<.01) and relative value(Watt/kg, p<.01) of mean power, absolute value(W, p<.01), relative value(Watt/kg, p<.05), and power drop rate(%, p<.01). Test and retest reliability was excellent for all test variables(p<.01). CONCLUSIONS From the all results, the estimating equation was calculated to convert all outputs from each type to the other types of the Wingate Anaerobic test setting. These findings suggest that the estimating equations are compatiable to 4 types of Wingate Anaerobic test setting.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to verify the mediated effect between self-presentation, stress coping, and competitive state anxiety among domestic elite athletes and to identify the intermediate effects of stress coping in the relationship between self-presentation and competitive state anxiety. METHODS The study was conducted with 259 elite athletes. The relationship between self-presentation, stress coping and competitive state anxiety was verified using the SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS The results of this study were as follows. First, Self-presentation affected positively on stress coping. Second, Stress coping affected positively on competitive state anxiety. Third, Self-presentation affected positively on competitive state. Lastly, stress coping mediated significantly the relationship between self-presentation and competitive state anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The result of this study shows that the competitive anxiety of elite athletes depends on the meaning of self-presentation, and the stress coping is deeply related to competitive state anxiety. In conclusion, it was determined that it provided basic data to understand the competitive state anxiety of players in various ways.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the goalkeeper’s area of defense and how the range varies depending on the relative position of the goal, goalkeeper, and ball in a 9-meter jump shot during handball matches. METHODS Data was collected from seven qualifying divisions in mens handball from the 99th National Sports Festival in Korea. A total of 231, 9-meter jump shots were analyzed with the goalkeeper‘s area of defense measured from the point the ball left the shooter’s hand and calculated based on the relative position of the goal, goalkeeper, and ball. Video analysis was conducted using the Kwon3D 3.01 program and three-dimensional coordinates calculated using the DLT method. RESULTS First, dimension of handball goals measure 3m wide and 2m high, however, results show that goalkeeper’s actual area of defense was narrower than the width of the goal posts, while vertically, area exceeded the height of the cross bar. Second, if the goalkeeper defended the striker’s shot from the side rather than from the front, the goalkeeper’s defense range was higher for the opposite side of the goal post than the near side of the goal post. CONCLUSIONS Key factors influencing goalkeeper’s area of defense include height of shot and position of goalkeeper. Results also indicate that vertical movements are more important than horizontal movements for goalkeepers in handball thus such implementation in training may lead to performance enhancement.
PURPOSE This study aims to help improve performance by comparing and analyzing the kinematic variables for each upper and lower extremities segment when two groups of players attack the national women’s fencing players in a match situation. METHODS This study divided the movement time, movement time ratio, Fente step length change, angle factor at each event, and velocity factor of the fencing point of a sword at each event into the Olympic medalists’ group (Group A) and the international competition winners group (Group B) during the fencing Marche Fente. An independent t-test was performed for each factor, and the results were compared. RESULTS As a result, the difference between the two groups in movement time was statistically significant in the front of the foot in the velocity factor. However, no statistical significance was found between the two groups in the front angle of the trunk, the elbow angle, and the knee angle. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that group A and group B are both outstanding players with the best performance, so they are similar in the details of the movements except for the very slight difference in time and velocity. Therefore, the average of the result values of the joint angle will be a feedback index for fencing beginners or education subjects who are now starting to fencing.
Purpose A number of start-ups in the form of introducing sports contents in Korea as a new market are in progress, and appropriate support for each step is needed to increase the chances of a success. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial process of introducing and spreading newly created or developed sports content into a new market, Korea, by focusing on the innovation diffusion process model. Methods To derive the results, a qualitative research method was used, data were collected through in-depth interviews, literature search, and observation methods, and analyzed through categorization and itemization in stages based on content analysis results. Results Looking at the results, content recognition and problem identification were derived in the exogenous shocks stage, and the organization unity of internal and external stakeholder was confirmed in the formal coalition of opinion leaders stage. At the stage of internal communication between the opinion leaders of the social system, the expert communication in the same or similar field and external area appeared and the indirect experience also derived. In the decision to select a specific innovation stage, activities to belong to an international organization, to establish a new organization, and to secure idle space appeared, and at the stage of recruitment and/or the establishment of boundary spanners, efforts to secure internal and external human resource within the organization and to build an organization form appeared. In the stage of develop and introduce the innovation, online communication channels were established. In the stage of using mass media outlets, media articles, lectures, and academic conferences were used, and in the stage of actual diffusion of an innovation, experience and education programs were conducted, competition and exhibitions were held, venues were built, and actual international competitions were participated. At the stage of decisions to continue, discontinue, or re-invent the existing innovation must occur, evaluation was made by personnel inside and outside the organization. Conclusions It is possible to increase the success of start-up by creating a support system that can fill the necessary parts for each stage of start-up based on the derived activities for each stage.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore cultural meanings of the concept of ‘Che-Yuk-In’ through a critical examination of how it was described, portrayed, and represented in the narratives of the mainstream newspapers in the early days of the nation(1945-1961). Methods As for the data collection and method, a total of 338 articles were collected by searching of "Che-Yuk-In" through the database provided by the Naver News Library. Sorting out them with the point of whether the concept simply denotes the number of players or the majority of athletes, for example, we select 140 column-type articles and analyzed how it serves as a linguistic element and what discourses were involved in the narratives. Results Our argument is twofold: 1) the concept of ‘Che-Yuk-In’ is a kind of self-representative terminology with which a particular group of people, who call themselves ‘Che-Yuk-In’, construct their collective identity into a particular type of the idealized subject, so-called sporting citizen, and 2) this construction consists of two functions: one is to share the emotion of pride by celebrating success and achievements of the sporting figures, and the other is to collectively reflect shame by criticizing negative incidents and controversies such as corruption, factional disputes, violent behaviors, which broke in the sporting practices. Conclusions With a brief summary, this paper concludes with some suggestions for future studies, in terms of how the shameful past should be embraced within the field of Korean sport history, and why a conceptual history of the ‘Che-Yuk-In’ might need to be further expanded.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate gender perception of eSports gamers. Methods 8 male gamers in the professional team were selected purposeful and snowball sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face and online interviews, and analyzed by content analysis and classification analysis. Results Esport gamers explained their indirect experiences with female gamers. The results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the number of female gamers was small and they had a negative stigma image, and this consistently reproduced the gender role stereotype of female gamers in digital games. Second, in the game world, men are swearing, verbal abuse, and sexual harassment against female gamers, which suggests that female gamers are viewed as targets of sexual play from the perspective of the strongest. Third, eSports male gamers are characterized by being conservative or open to gender perceptions by age. We discussed what to need in eSports which is male dominated area should give to opportunity for equality education. Conclusions In-depth understanding of gender perception in e-sports players should be prioritized in order to change gender perception. Therefore, it would be an important research topic bring to discuss. This paper is expected to be a beneficial material for eSports gender studies and stimulate to discuss gender imbalance.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among emotional leadership, coach trust and athletic satisfaction of university. Methods 288 university soccer players were surveyed on the emotional leadership questionnaire, coach trust questionnaire and athletic satisfaction questionnaire through convenience sampling method. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to achieve the purpose of this study. Frequency analysis, confirmation factor analysis, reliability verification, correlation analysis and the structural equation model analysis were performed. Results First, emotional leadership had a positive effect on coach trust of university soccer players. Second, emotional leadership had a positive effect on athletic satisfaction of university soccer players. Third, coach trust had a positive effect on athletic satisfaction of university soccer players. Finally, coach trust mediated the relationship between emotional leadership and athletic satisfaction. Conclusions Emotional leadership was a leadership that can efficiently increase coach trust, and leaders must communicate with players through emotional effort and team operations with goals of athletic satisfaction and happiness rather than wins and losses were required.
Purpose This study aims to explore migration factors of Korean male footballers who have moved from South Korea to Southeast Asian countries. Methods Qualitative case study was conducted with 9 footballers, 4 their agents and 2 K-league staffs as the participant. Results As a result, by regarding their migration as involuntary decision, this study could provide academic and practical discussion on sport labor migration. First of all, this study established theoretical framework for involuntary migration of the participants through ‘Push-Pull Theory’ which focuses on demand and supply on the labor force. Second, this study found that a local rule (FA compensation system) of Korean professional football league (K league) and hierarchical collectivist culture contributed to their migration, which has not been reported by previous studies focused on the voluntary migration of mainstream players and it reflected local context of K league. Conclusions In conclusion, this study confirmed that sport labor migration was also considered as social phenomenon and reflected a cross section of a particular society. Through the migration of athletes, we can provide a variety of viewpoint on economic (market) structure, related policy and system in a particular society, and understand migration motives in terms of agency (subculture).
