PURPOSE This study aimed to present the measures necessary to perform well in tennis clubs by examining the adaptation process of the MZ generation participating in tennis clubs. METHODS A qualitative case study was performed and data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and literature surveys. The data were analyzed by applying pattern matching among the analysis methods proposed by Yin (2014), and the reliability and validity of the study were demonstrated by consultations between colleagues, reviewing members, and comparing and analyzing previous studies. The study participants were seven MZ generation tennis club participants selected through snowball sampling (one of the non-probability samples). RESULTS Achieving a level of skill that allows for compatibility and the effort required for it, the acceptance of differences in club culture and between generations, having the etiquette necessary for Generation MZ, and falling for the charm of tennis itself were identified as factors for successful participation in tennis clubs. CONCLUSIONS This study is expected to help the MZ generation, who have recently been interested in tennis, continue their participation, as well as lay a small foundation for the expansion of the base of the sport by detailing the measures necessary to successfully participate in tennis clubs.
PURPOSE This study investigated differences in gaze entropy according to skill level and temporal occlusion in table tennis serve reception. METHODS Study participants were divided into a skilled group (n = 6) and a novice group (n = 6). The study task involved sitting in front of a monitor while wearing an eye tracker, watching 36 serve videos, and predicting whether the ball’s length would be short or long by pressing the "Top" (short serve) or "Bottom" (long serve) pad on the selection response pad. RESULTS Overall, the later the temporal occlusion level, the faster the reaction time and the higher the judgment accuracy. At temporal occlusion levels 2 and 3, skilled participants showed higher judgment accuracy than novices. Analysis of heatmap and gaze entropy revealed that novices exhibited visual search toward the ball across all temporal occlusion levels (T1, T2, T3) and had high gaze entropy. In contrast, skilled participants generally showed visual search to the racket area depending on the temporal occlusion level, with low gaze entropy at T1 and T2, and a tendency for increased gaze entropy at T3. CONCLUSIONS Compared to novices, skilled participants had lower gaze entropy and fixated more on the racket area when predicting table tennis serves. Similarly, novices focused more on the ball than on the racket. The study also proposed the value of using heatmap and Shannon entropy for this type of analysis.
PURPOSE Players’ nonverbal behavior during a game may be expressed through selfregulatory and intentional processes, where nonverbal cues are strategically used to achieve specific outcomes. This study aimed to observe and explore the strategic and intentional nonverbal behaviors utilized by table tennis players. METHODS The study utilized a grounded theory methodology and involved purposeful sampling of ten adult table tennis players. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding techniques. RESULTS The findings revealed that players’ intentional nonverbal behaviors are influenced by their confidence levels, physical condition, and perceptions of others’ nonverbal cues. Throughout this process, players underwent various emotional experiences, worked to maintain a positive mental state, and experienced changes in both their behaviors and psychological states, which impacted the flow of the game. CONCLUSIONS This study’s results provide valuable insights into the role of intentional nonverbal behaviors utilized by athletes during competitions. This suggests that understanding and incorporating intentional nonverbal behavior should be a key consideration in sports psychology counseling and psychological skills training.
PURPOSE This study examined the cultural experiences of tennis club members that have changed due to COVID-19, specifically emphasizing the accepted culture within these clubs. METHODS Seven tennis club members, with over five years of experience, active participation in two or more clubs, and a history of active participation, were interviewed using in-depth interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS Firstly, the tennis club members accepted the “no contact” culture that has emerged since COVID-19. Secondly, social distancing made getting together in large groups difficult, and tennis club activities became more limited. This has led to weakening the tennis club community, which is different from what we have seen before. Lastly, the growing interest in non-traditional content has led to an increase in participants enjoying tennis through social media. The information and experiences gained through social media have changed the perception of coaching. CONCLUSIONS The cultures that tennis players have adopted due to COVID-19 are expected to continue in the future. The findings from this study may provide evidence for understanding the changing culture of sports in the future.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop algorithms and software that can track the trajectory of table tennis balls using image-processing algorithms to obtain information quickly for under and establish tactics used in table tennis. Methods The algorithms used in the field of computer vision were applied on two matches played by novice and two matches during international competitions by elite athletes. Reliability analysis was performed by comparing the table tennis ball bounce frequency in each zone obtained through the automatic method and the manual method. Results The mean reliability of the two novice games was only 85.1 ± 3.69%, total error was 14.9 ± 3.69%, overestimation error was 52.2 ± 9.78%, and underestimation error was 47.8 ± 9.78%. While the mean reliability of the two international tournaments was 71.8 ± 0.87%, the total error was 28.2 ± 0.87%, overestimation error was 82.0 ± 8.03%, and underestimation error was 19.2 ± 7.75%. Conclusions Although the target reliability of algorithms and software developed in this study was achieved only in novice competitions with 80%, the over-estimation errors were generally high in international competitions, showing the potential for further improvement.
In this paper, effects on the match outcome of the various scoring methods frequently used in doubles tennis matches were analyzed using a simple probabilistic theory. It was assumed that the outcome of a single point depends on the server’s point-winning probability, which was assumed to be an independent event with an identical distribution for each point. It was found that the game-winning probability of the server’s team is greater than 0.5 - at times significantly higher - for server’s point-winning probability larger than 0.5, with the traditional game scoring method yielding the highest probability, followed by ‘one-deuce no-ad’ and then ‘no-ad rules’. For doubles matches between two ‘even-strength’ players on each team, which is essentially the same as singles matches, the order of the set-winning probability for the team with the first service game, as arranged in the order of the highest to the lowest, was: the traditional format (win-by-two-games), deuce games/tiebreak at six-games-all format, no-ad games/tiebreak at six-games-all format, one-deuce-no-ad games/tiebreak at five-games-all format, and finally no-ad games/tiebreak at five-games-all format, for the cases of point-winning probability larger than 0.5. In doubles matches involving teams with uneven average strengths or uneven partner skills, it was determined that the set-winning probability depends critically not only on the composition of the partners and service-game order but also on the scoring methods as well.
PURPOSE This study focuses on the experiences of novice tennis enthusiasts in Korea, aligning with the rising popularity of tennis as a burgeoning cultural phenomenon. METHODS Employing an ethnographic approach, we included eight participants with <5 years of tennis, in addition to three auxiliary participants. RESULTS The primary findings of this study are as follows: First, novice tennis players from the MZ generation actively employ tennis as a means of personal expression, sharing their tennis-related fashion and experiences on SNS. Second, most novice tennis players report a sense of detachment from the traditional club-centric tennis culture, gravitating toward casual court usage, spontaneous activities, and flexible membership structures. F inally, despite their modest technical proficiency, they avidly engage in knowledge-based consumption, displaying a profound grasp of tennis-related information. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide valuable insights into comprehending this burgeoning cultural phenomenon in Korean society, stemming from the escalating interest in tennis, and can serve as a valuable benchmark for establishing development strategies for tennis.
In this study, hypoxic exposure and training with regard to the current progress during the various models 'live and/or sleep high: train high' by way of 4 weeks in elite level tennis players. The experimental group which SITH(SIT with hypoxic) a 2,500m-4,000m to the graded elevation every 500m increased by the week five times a day, two times four weeks treated to a SIT (sprint interval training) and three hours of exposure in hypoxic chamber(simulated normobaric hypoxic). The CON(control) was conducted same period and methods without exposure to hypoxia that a SIT at sea level. As a results, the haematological variables were Hb and Hct compared Pre with the treatment at the end of 4,000 m(at 4 weeks) has been shown to significantly increased in both groups respectively(p<.05, p<.01; vs. Pre). Aerobic exercise capacity related variables that Time was SITH has been shown to significantly increased at 4,000 m(p<.05; vs. Pre). Also, VO2max was SITH has been showed increased in the same period a tendency(p=.072). Anaerobic exercise capacity related variables that PP(W) was both groups increased significantly at 4,000 m(p<.05; vs. Pre), and PP(W/kg) was CON group has been showed increased in the same altitude a tendency, whereas SITH group has been showed increased at 3,500m and 4,000m respectively(p<.05; vs. Pre). Therefore, this study was unlike previous studies with similar positive results as a follow-up study will be contribute to the attainment of a higher value.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of levels of physical activity in considering gender and different types of competition-oriented physical activity classes using three-dimensional accelerometers. Methods A total of 981 students(505 male students, 476 female students) in six different types of physical education classes were participated in this study. All of the six different types of physical education classes were competition-oriented classes, and levels of physical activity were accessed by three-dimensional accelerometers. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results First, descriptive analyses of participation time of levels of physical activity showed that MVPA of physical education classes is 10.26 mins (22.89%) on average, and, MVPA showed differently in different types of physical education classes in the order of T ball(14.61 mins), flying disk(12.61 mins), soccer(10.78 mins), volley ball(10.56 mins), basketball(9.64 mins), and table tennis(5.73 mins). Second, female students showed significantly lower levels of MVPA in all the different types of physical education classes. Third, post-hoc analyses showed that significantly higher levels of MVPA were found in T ball physical education classes and significantly lower levels of MVPA were found in table tennis physical education classes, compared to other types of physical education classes. Conclusions MVPA in physical education classes is not satisfied with recommended MVPA, and MVPA in Korean physical education classes is lower than MVPA in same types of physical education classes in other countries. In addition, significant mean differences of MVPA are found between male and female students, and new sports physical education classes show higher levels of MVPA compared to classic sports physical education classes. These results indicate that competition oriented physical education classes widely used in Korea need to find ways to increase MVPA and to overcome different levels of MVPA between male and female students.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among sport-products self-congruence, product love, product trust, and purchase behavior of sports-for-all club members through structural equation model analysis. Methods A survey was conducted targetting 227, men & women in their twenties who are members of MTB, Tennis, Badminton, Golf in at the 8 in Seoul metropolitan area. For sampling method, convenience sampling method was used, while the questionnaire was self-administered. In an effort to verify the proposed structural model, this study used IBM SPSSWIN Ver. 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results First, actual self-congruence has positive influence on the product love. Second, ideal self-congruence didn't have positive influence on the product love. Third, social self-congruence has positive influence on the product love. Fourth, product love has positive influence on the product trust. Fifth, product trust has positive influence on the positive word-of-mouth. Sixth, product trust has positive influence on the repurchase intention. Seventh, product trust has positive influence on the attitudinal loyalty.
