PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visual color perception on autonomic nervous activity and exercise capacity in healthy male college students. METHODS The subjects who were healthy male college student (n=10) were participated in 4 visual colors using by randomized crossover; clear color group (CG), red color group (RG), blue color group (BG) and green color group (GG). All subjects wore goggles for five minutes prior to the exercise to adjust to color, and they did not take off goggles until recovery after exercise. Significant differences between groups were determined by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS As a result of this study, the low frequency (LF) was significantly higher in RG than those in GG. But the high frequency (HF) was significant higher in BG compared to GG. Exercise capacity such as maximum strength, muscle endurance, reaction time, power, agility and aerobic performance did not differ significantly between all groups. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our findings suggested that perception of the visual color might be change autonomic nervous activity, while don’t influence exercise capacity.
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the nature of human rights violations experienced by semi-professional athletes in semi-professional sports teams and explored the relevant cases. METHODS For this purpose, 35 semi-professional athletes (20 men and 15 women) from the semi-professional sports teams participated in the study, and data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and focus group interviews (FGI). The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological research method proposed by Colaizzi (1978). RESULTS The study summarized the results into five categories, 14 theme clusters and 41 themes. Its inherent structures include ‘first step to becoming a semi-professional athlete: disadvantageous contracts for players,’ ‘unavoidable absolute power: obedience to the coach,’ ‘forced training camp: autonomy and privacy infringement,’ ‘structural problems of the semi-professional sports federation: tyrannized power’ and ‘female players who are in male-oriented society: gender-focused than performance.’ CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provided an understanding of athletes’ human rights violations experienced in semi-professional sports teams. Understanding athletes in semi-professional sports teams through phenomenological research was conducted based on previous studies discussing practical and policy intervention measures.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop an effective college life adaptation program for freshman student-athletes. Methods A total of 160 student-athletes and 5 experts agreed to participate in this study. Four procedures were followed in this study: the needs assessment, the preliminary program development, and the application of the program. For the needs assessment, in-depth interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using an inductive reasoning process. Results The results of the needs investigation showed seven need factors and four interruption factors for college life adaptation. In addition, three need factors based on experience and seven interruption factors based on experience were found. The preliminary program was developed based on the needs assessment through the expert meeting, and the program consisted of four stages. Each stage consisted of three sessions, and each session contained a specific topic. The program was provided to nine freshman student-athletes in two months. As a result, the final program which consisted of four stages and thirteen sessions was developed after the reinforcement process based on evaluation of the preliminary program was conducted. Conclusions It is concluded that, the program is able to be expected to help them to understand their roles, have a better sense of responsibility and improve their self-esteem. Therefore, coaches and mental performance consultants should provide the college life adaptation program for freshman student-athletes to reduce their stress and have a better college life.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the role of trust on sport fan behavior following the favored team’s loss. Methods Online survey modes were employed to collect the data. A total of 300 individuals participated in the study, of which 288 were valid and therefore analyzed. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was conducted using Mplus 8. Results The findings are as follows. First, cognitive trust had a significant effect(+) on future viewing intention. Second, affective trust had a significant effect(+) on future viewing intention. Third, cognitive trust had a significant effect(-) on switching behavior. Fourth, affective trust had no significant effect on switching behavior. Fifth, team identification moderated the relationship between affective trust and switching behavior. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that sport fans’ trust affects fan behavior following a team’s loss. Therefore, professional sport teams should seek to establish strong affective trust and cognitive trust.
Purpose Drawing on Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, the present research aims to investigate how sport consumers’ moral reasoning strategies and forgiveness intent toward a sport organization’s misconduct depending on the consumers’ different time perspectives(expansive vs. limited). Methods An experimental study (total n = 129; Baby Boomer generation = 62, generation MZ = 67) was conducted by utilizing a fictitious scenario depicting a sport organization’s misconduct. The proposed hypotheses were tested by conducting T-test, correction analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0. Results There were significant differences in moral reasoning and forgiveness based on different time perspective. Baby Boomer(MZ) group showed higher(lower) levels of moral rationalization, moral decoupling, and intent of forgiveness compared to MZ(Baby Bommer) group, while showing lower(higher) level of moral coupling. A result also revealed that negative moral emotions had moderating effect between a limited time perspective and moral coupling among MZ participants. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that sport consumers’ time perspective has a predictive function on moral reasoning strategies. Thus, it is necessary for sport organizations to establish strategies focusing on the consumers’ time perspective to effectively respond to an unexpected crisis.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop the Emotional Intelligence Scale in Sport Coaching(EISSC) based on the emotional intelligence trait model. Methods The participants were 236 professional sports coaches by the purposive sampling methods via e-mails. 48 preliminary items were developed by literature review among expert panels. Then, a total of 40 items were selected after the item-analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for construct validity and criterion validity was evaluated by Person’s correlation with coaching efficacy scale and general emotional intelligence scale. An internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was used to see the reliability. Results The results of exploratory factor analysis presented a six sub-structure factors (Self-awareness, Awareness of others, Optimism, Utilization of emotion, Emotion regulation, Social skills) with 20 items, which explained 68.49% of the total variance. Criterion-related validity was supported by correlations with in coaching efficacy(r=.713) and general emotional intelligence(r=.647). Reliabilities were secured with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient .854 for the total 20 items. Conclusions The EISSC can be used to provide an valid measure of emotional ability of coaches in sport.
Purpose The purpose of this studied to improve athletes’ performance through sports psychological skills training and counseling of a male canoe player in high school. Methods One male high school athlete in J area was interviewed for sports psychological skills training and counseling, and interviewed athletes and coaches diagnosed the potential psychological problems of athletes. Through this process, the athlete gained the ability to control anxiety about the game and strengthened the attention-focused ability to increase his confidence and set a goal for improving concentration. For effective training, sports psychological counselors, athletes, and coaches met once a week to create a routine. and participated in direct training on a boat with the coach every week. Sports psychological skills, anxiety about competition, and self-management of athletes were measured before and after to confirm the effectiveness of training of athletes' psychological skills. Results As a result, athletes' psychological skills and anxiety decreased, their confidence increased, and their concentration, which was diagnosed as an urgent problem of athletes, improved. Conclusions psychological skills of athletes, psychological shortcomings of players were reinforced, thus enhancing the athletes' performance. This suggests the effectiveness and necessity of training in sports psychological skills. It is hoped that continued support will serve as an opportunity to diagnose potential psychological problems of student athletes and apply them to training to contribute to improving their performance.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of auditory stimulus using white noise on stability and balance during sit-to-stand and standing tasks of chronic stroke patients. Methods Eighteen chronic stroke patients participated in this study. They asked to perform the tasks of sit-to-stand, standing with eyes open and standing with eyes closed before and after listening to white noise. Eight infrared cameras and one force plate were used to evaluate the stability and balance before and after the white noise stimulus during each task. Results There was no significant difference between before and after white noise stimulus in all tasks. On the other hand, the anteroposterior range of CoP was significantly decreased after white noise stimulus in standing with eyes-closed (p<.05), and the sagittal angle of CoP-CoM was significantly decreased after white noise stimulus in standing with eyes-open and eyes-closed (p<.05). Conclusion Auditory stimulus using white noise improves the balance of chronic stroke patients. Therefore it is thought to be helpful for the independent daily life of chronic stroke patients.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore environmental constraints that hindered the physical activity of female students in daily life, and then to provide alternatives to improve the problems based on the social ecological model. Methods Research participants were twelve female students to be selected in two schools(Norang, Parang middle school), the process of data collection(orientation, photovoice implementation, focus group interview) and analysis(choosing a photo, contextualizing, subjecting) were conducted according to the Photo-voice. Results The constraints of physical activity in daily life were categorized on ‘playground as like a desert’(leisure domain), ‘space of recess and in-active play’(family domain), ‘transportation replaced by mom and dad car’(transportation domain), ‘space of the only exercise as well as reproduction of gender discrimination’(school domain). Conclusions The environmental constraints were analyzed as academic, physical, daily living, socio-cultural environment. Lastly, alternatives for promoting physical activity of female student were proposed in the level of organization, community, public policy based on the social ecological model.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the three dimensional joint angles of the ankle, knee and hip during basic long turn, carving long turn, basic short turn and carving short turn. Methods Fourteen alpine ski instructors from Korea Ski Instructor Association participated in this study. Each skier asked to perform 4-types of turning technique, classified by radius and level. 8 inertial measurement units were used to measure three-dimensional joint angles of the ankle, knee and hip joint. Results Significant differences were found the lower extremity joint angles on the mediolateral and vertical axis during long-turn and carving-turn (p<.05). significant differences were found the lower extremity joint angles on the anteroposterior axis in the steering phases 1, 2 and complete phase (p<.05). Conclusions In the Alpine skiing, the short turn requires a complex movement of the lower limb joint compared to the long turn. When performing a long turn, the movement of the ankle joint on the vertical axis are required compared to the short turn. And the carving and short turn need to the movements of the lower limb joint on the mediolateral axis.
