Purpose Common content knowledge(CCK) is composed of rules, techniques, and tactics. Such knowledge is a requirement for effective teaching of physical education (PE). There are, however, few validated tests of CCK. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a CCK test of soccer and evaluate the validity and reliability of the test using Rasch modeling (Rasch, 1980). Methods We developed thirty item common content knowledge test for soccer. Then, we used Rasch modeling to evaluate the validity and reliability of a test of soccer. Pre-service teachers (N=92) majoring in physical education and non-PE major (N=111) participated in this study. Results Thirty questions demonstrated good item-model fit. Moderately high internal consistency for person-ability and high internal consistency for item-difficulty are reported. Both Infit and Outfit statistics showed a good fit between the data and the Rasch model. Conclusions The analysis provides evidence to support the validity and reliability of this instrument as a CCK test of soccer. Limitations of the study were discussed and suggestions were provided to improve the test.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the Instructor’s adaptation process of school P.E. environment in middle school sports club and to develop substantive level theory. Methods For this purpose, 17 sports instructors who had worked for more than 3 years at the middle school in Seoul were selected as research participants. The method of this study is the Grounded theory(Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Results The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of open coding, the instructor's adaptation process of the school P.E. environment was organized into 104 concepts, 30 sub-categories, and 15 categories. Second, as a result of axial coding, a paradigm model for the adaptation process of the school P.E. environment was formed. Third, as a result of the selective coding, created the storyline of the adaptation process and made the core category, ‘instructor's adaptation process of the school P.E. environment in middle school’. Four types of adaptation process such as 'Acceptance type', 'Effort type', 'Compromising type' and 'Abandoning type' are derived through the formalization applied to the hypothesis of the core category. Conclusions Based on these results, the developed substantive level theory was evaluated and summarized.
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived service quality on satisfaction, and behavioral intention in migrant members of German sport clubs. Methods The questionnaire was structured in four sections: perceived service quality (four dimensions and 12 items), satisfaction (two items), and behavioral intention (two items). With data from 438 members of 33 sport clubs in western Germany, SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were utilized to conduct factor analysis, reliability, validity, and structural equation modeling analysis. Results The results of this study indicated that (1) staff, sport program, interaction, and physical environment in perceived service quality had a significantly influence on satisfaction, (2) staff, sport program, and interaction significantly affected behavioral intention, and (3) satisfaction was found to have significantly impact on behavioral intention. Conclusions The delivery of high-quality services can promote satisfaction, which in turn lead to behavioral intention. The empirical results suggest that the practitioners and sport club mangers should understand the importance of perceived service quality for the retention of members in sport clubs.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine acceptance intentions of Sports O2O Service Potential consumers using the revised model of goal-directed behavior. [Methods] The 330 surveys were distributed to potential consumers through convenience sampling method for pilot study. Due to the reliability of data, 42 samples were discarded and 288 samples were put to actual analysis. Then data were analyzed for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling technique via SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0. [Results] The results of this study were as follows. First, attitude and subjective norm had a positive effect on desire. Second, perceived behavior control did not affect on desire but had a positive affect on acceptance intention. Third, positive anticipated emotions had a positive effect on desire but negative anticipated emotions did not effect on desire. Fourth, desire had a effect on acceptance intention. [Conclusions] According to the result, sports O2O service operators should do best to improve consumers positive attitude. Especially, they have to establish marketing strategies of introducing strong aspects of sports O2O services. Also, providing easy processes and intuitive interface are needed to consumers. To promote sports O2O services to potential consumers which is unfamiliar to that services, it is important to induce easy ways for potential consumers to experience sports O2O services.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in visual search strategies between expert and novice badminton players while performing badminton serve. [Method] To this end, expert (more than 10 years experience) and novice (less than 6 months experience) badminton players performed 15 trials of two types of serve (i.e., short-serve and long-serve), in total 30 trials. All the participants’ eye movement was recorded during each trial, and mean fixation duration, fixation distribution, final fixation duration and location, and gaze entropy were analyzed. [Results] The results showed that there was no difference in mean fixation duration between expert and novice players. The analysis of mean fixation duration on each location showed that participants fixated more on the net while doing short serve whereas fixated more on the space when they did long serve. In particular, expert players fixated more on the space while doing long serve than novice players, and fixated more on the net and racquet for the short serve. However, novice players fixated more on the location of shuttle would be landed. The final fixation duration was not different between expert and novice players. Further, expert players showed higher gaze entropy than novice players. [Conclusion] The findings indicate that expert players fixated more on the net for the short serve, and the space for the long serve, and visual search strategies of experts were more varied than novice players.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to provide the physiological characteristics of female adults in their 30s by comparing the body composition and the maximal strength of the knee extension and flexion and bilateral ratio and ipsilateral ratio(H/Q: Hamstring and Quadriceps ratio) depending on age. [Methods] Body composition was measured by Hv-ps 7681(GE medical systems Lunar, USA). Isokinetic lower limb muscular strength was measured by Isomed2000(D&R Ferstl GMBH, Germany). 92 volunteers who were chosen by our selection criteria agreed to participate in our study. The participants were divided into three groups depending on age and classified as female adults in twenties(n=30), in thirties(n=34), in forties(n=28). To evaluate differences according to age, One-way ANOVA was used. [Results] The result in the test for female adults is as follows. In body composition, there were significant differences in lean mass, bone mineral density in the legs area among groups(p<.05). In isokinetic test, there were significant differences in muscular strength among groups in extensor of knee(p<.05). [Conclusion] The finding revealed that strength training based on the characteristics depending on age is required and ipsilateral ratio needs to be improved.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of Jang Changsun’s winning gold medal in the 1966 Toledo World Amateur Wrestling Championship and its meaning. [Methods] Jang Changsun and Katsumura Yasuo who had competed with Jang Changsun for the gold medal were selected as participants, a player and an executive who had participated in the Championship were selected as informants. Data had been collected by in-depth interview were analyzed firstly by using the Patton(1991)’s data analysis method, and the following conclusions were obtained by comparing with preceding studies, press releases, reports etc. [Results] Jang Changsun won a gold medal through the three stages of desperate struggles. The first struggle was to loose weight. Jang Changsun lost three times more weight than other players through fasting treatment, intensive training and dehydration in order to secure an advantageous position in the competition. His second struggle was the sparring itself. He made his mind to win gold medal 2 years before the Championship and started to strengthen his physical fitness and polish up his techniques to fight with strong players from powerful nation of wrestling. He finished the sparring by winning 4 games and tieing 2 games resulting in the same deduction points with Katsumura. It was inevitable for him to fight desperately to lose weight again to get gold medal. He eventually won the gold medal by losing his weight until he fainted because of injuries and serious dehydration. [Conclusion] The first gold medalist Jang Changsun contributed a lot to development of Korean sports by offering chance to consider significance of improving elite player’s exercising environment, scientific coaching, gaining self-confidence to win medal, and realizing the importance of sports informations.
[Purpose] This study was designed to explore Yuna Kim’s psychological strengths and the contextual factors, which led her to obtain the gold medal and the reflection of peak performance and preparation at the 2010 Olympics. It was hoped that by sharing the experience of one of the top athletes, other athletes would learn from her and prepare themselves better for Olympics in the future. [Methods] A case study method was applied with a qualitative approach. To obtain the purpose of the study, five in-depth interview sessions including introductory and member checking procedures were conducted. The interviews were recoded and transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was used to inductively analyse the data. [Results] The four general dimensions that were discovered in the results included Social-external Factors, Personal Traits, Coping Strategies, and Peak Performance. The social-external factors consisted of social support and attached/detached relationships while personal traits were personality traits, confidence and motivation. Coping strategies to overcome external and situational pressures were detached coping and resilience whereas peak performance was reflected on flow and the state of being mindful. [Conclusion] In conclusion, Yuna Kim’s strength was parallel with the previous research on the top athletes and other findings such as adaptive perfectionism and a sense of rivalry in the research were discussed.
Purpose The study aims to analyze the factors affecting the Residents user satisfaction in order to improve the management of the Open School Sports Center the support facility of the National Sports Promotion Fund. Methods This data is based on Korea Institute of Sports Science(KISS)'s Open School Sports Center Usage Status and Satisfaction Survey (2016) and Open School Sports Center use performance. The analysis model is a regression model (TOBIT) that takes into account the limited characteristics of dependent variables. Results The results are as follows: the satisfaction is negatively related age, number of regulations, weekday opening hours, and usage fees. Conclusion Therefore, in order to increase the satisfaction of Open School Sports Center residents users, various supports are needed. This includes funds for PR, discounts and user-friendliness. It also requires differentiated management of each Center. In the case of regions and facilities, consumer-oriented policies need to be applied instead of collective standards.
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess accuracy, consistency and performance time of the kick(front kick, side kick) of elite Poomsae players who accustomed excessive high kick. Methods Accuracy, consistency and performance time were measured by 3D motion capture system. Twelve elite Poomsae players(age: 28.83±1.80 yrs, height: 171.75±4.29 cm, weight: 67.58±3.6 kg) performed Poomsae kick according to the four target(philtrum, solar plexus, hypogastric, knee) and target or non-target. Results 1) Both of Front kick and Side kick were evaluated highest accuracy and consistency at philtrum. 2) Both of Front kick and Side kick were tend to increase on accuracy and consistency as the target height increasing. 3) The accuracy of Front kick and Side kick was decreased when the target is not provided at hypogastric and solar plexus. 4) There were statistically significant differences in performance time according to the height of four targets on Side kick but no differences on Front kick in performance time. Conclusion Overall elite Poomsae players who are familiar with kicking in high target were assessed poor kicking performance on lower target.
