PURPOSE This study aimed to explore methods for stimulating consumer purchasing behavior in the sportswear market, where gaining a competitive edge through traditional means has become increasingly challenging, by focusing on the recently highlighted environmental, social, and governance (ESG) management practices. The objective was to present strategic alternatives for sportswear brands grounded in sustainable management and value creation. METHODS The research employed SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 for frequency analysis, reliability and validity analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and mediation effect analysis. RESULTS First, among the sportswear brand‘s ESG message trust and ESG authenticity, only ESG authenticity positively impacted consumer behavior. Second, both the sportswear brand‘s ESG message trust and ESG authenticity were found to positively influence ESG congruence. Third, ESG message trust and ESG authenticity negatively affected ESG skepticism. Fourth, ESG congruence positively impacted consumer behavior. Fifth, ESG skepticism was found to negatively influence consumer behavior. The mediation effect analysis yielded the following results: First, the direct effect of ESG message trust on consumer behavior was not statistically significant; however, a full mediation effect was observed through ESG congruence and skepticism. Second, the direct effect of ESG authenticity on consumer behavior was statistically significant, with a partial mediation effect through ESG congruence and skepticism. CONCLUSIONS For sportswear brands to achieve sustainable management and profit generation, it is essential to explore methods for stimulating consumer purchasing behavior based on trust and authenticity in ESG messages.
PURPOSE This study investigated differences in gaze entropy according to skill level and temporal occlusion in table tennis serve reception. METHODS Study participants were divided into a skilled group (n = 6) and a novice group (n = 6). The study task involved sitting in front of a monitor while wearing an eye tracker, watching 36 serve videos, and predicting whether the ball’s length would be short or long by pressing the "Top" (short serve) or "Bottom" (long serve) pad on the selection response pad. RESULTS Overall, the later the temporal occlusion level, the faster the reaction time and the higher the judgment accuracy. At temporal occlusion levels 2 and 3, skilled participants showed higher judgment accuracy than novices. Analysis of heatmap and gaze entropy revealed that novices exhibited visual search toward the ball across all temporal occlusion levels (T1, T2, T3) and had high gaze entropy. In contrast, skilled participants generally showed visual search to the racket area depending on the temporal occlusion level, with low gaze entropy at T1 and T2, and a tendency for increased gaze entropy at T3. CONCLUSIONS Compared to novices, skilled participants had lower gaze entropy and fixated more on the racket area when predicting table tennis serves. Similarly, novices focused more on the ball than on the racket. The study also proposed the value of using heatmap and Shannon entropy for this type of analysis.
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify ACTN3 gene polymorphisms amongprofessional ssireum players by weight class and between elite and non-elite players,and to select genotype that matches the characteristics of the sport. METHODS The subjects of this study were 148 male athletes currently working as professionalssireum players. Chi-square test cross-tabulation analysis was conducted to examinethe differences in ACTN3 genotypes between weight classes and between elite andnon-elite players. RESULTS There were no significant differences in allele or genotypebetween ssireum players, but there were significant differences in R-allele and XXgenotype. CONCLUSIONS Players with the R-allele type of the ACTN3 gene weremore often classified as elite. Using this marker as a basis for organizing a playerselection and training programs would be more effective in training those that matchthe characteristics of elite players of the game.
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the factors affecting job stress in fitness instructors, and to elucidate the mediating effects of mindset on the relationship between self-reflection and job stress. METHODS Using convenience sampling, a survey was conducted with 217 male and female fitness instructors nationwide. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 for descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and reliability analysis, and AMOS 22.0 for confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement tools. SPSS PROCESS Macro v4.0 (Model 4) was utilized to verify the mediating effects of the research model. RESULTS Self-reflection among fitness instructors was found to significantly reduce job stress. A growth mindset was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-reflection and job stress among fitness instructors, whereas a fixed mindset did not have a significant impact . CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that self-reflection and having a growth mindset significantly influence the reduction of job stress in fitness instructors.
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of sports injuries among badminton national team candidates during training camps and to identify appropriate measures for players to effectively manage and respond to such injuries in the future. METHODS The participants consisted of 123 individuals who took part in national team candidate training camps for badminton in 2022 and 2023. Record sheets were utilized to document the athletes' thoughts and opinions related to exercise injuries during the training period. RESULTS Badminton national team candidates experienced exercise-related injuries in various areas, including the ankles, thighs, knees, hips, shoulders, and back. Female players had a higher incidence of lower body injuries compared to their male counterparts. Through interviews with players about these injuries, individualized approaches involving appropriate rest and training adjustments were found to be necessary; additionally, educating the players about rehabilitation strategies for exercise injuries is essential. CONCLUSIONS When conducting recreational training activities, it is important to avoid fostering excessive competitive attitudes. Additionally, if potential risks are present within the exercise environment, it is crucial to assess and address these with the utmost caution.
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop the theory of child abuse of children with disabilities in Adapted Physical Education (APE). METHODS A grounded theory study was conducted based on a constructivist approach. Data were collected via in-depth interviews. Participants were 20 instructors selected based on theoretical sampling. The collected data were analyzed in the order of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. RESULTS First, the direct causal conditions of abuse of children with disabilities in APE were the instructors’ and guardians’ distorted perception towards the disabled children along with the individual vulnerability of children with developmental disabilities. Second, the contextual conditions that form the background of the abuse of children with disabilities in APE included the burden of the instructor due to the unjust demands of the guardian of the child, the growth background of the instructor, and the repressive atmosphere of APE. Third, abuse of children with disabilities can be divided into three types: ‘active abuse’ based on the instructor’s distorted viewpoint of the child with a developmental disability, ‘passive abuse’ due to the unjust demands of the guardian, and ‘passive abuse’ due to the structural problems in the APE field. Fourth, the abuse of children with disabilities in APE, which can be distinguished by different characteristics, affects the instructor’s inner conflict and self-reflection. CONCLUSIONS This study approached the phenomenon of abuse of children with disabilities in Korean adapted physical education as a grounded theory, and the theory generated is expected to contribute to the establishment of strategies necessary to design adapted physical education in keeping with human rights.
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the mediating effect of viewing flow on the relationship between perceived authenticity among [Kick A Goal] female viewers’ and football participation intention. METHODS A total of 414 questionnaires were distributed to [Kick A Goal] female viewers, aged from 20s to 60s, who had no experience in football. Among the collected questionnaires, the data used for the final analysis was 338 after data cleaning. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0, and it included frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and a three-step mediation analysis proposed by Baron & Kenny(1986). RESULTS This study’s results were as follows: First, the perceived authenticity of female viewers positively affected viewing flow. Second, the viewing flow of female viewers positively affected their football participation intention. Third, viewing flow fully mediated the relationship between perceived authenticity and football participation intention. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggests that it is significant to produce programs with authenticity and maximize viewing flow to further enhance the intention of female viewers to participate in football.
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the differences in anticipated regret and gambling discontinuance intent based on the fear appeal type and source similarity in different types of horse-racing gamblers. METHODS Using convenience sampling, 172 responses were collected from horse-racing participants who bought horseracing tickets within the last 6 months. After eliminating 30 insincere responses, descriptive, correlation, reliability, and two-way multivariate covariance analyses were conducted using SPSS Ver. 26.0. RESULTS Anticipated regret and discontinuance intent were higher under fear appeal using social compared with financial risk. Compared to recreational gamblers, problem gamblers had higher anticipated regret and discontinuance intent under fear appeal using social compared with financial risk. There were no differential impacts of source similarity on anticipated regret and discontinuance intent in both types of gambler. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners in charge of conducting messaging campaign to prevent addiction to horse-racing gambling may cause problem gamblers to expect regret and quit gambling by delivering preventive messages with relatively unfamiliar risks such as social risks, rather than familiar risks such as financial ones.
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop physique and basic physical fitness evaluation criteria for middle school soccer players, providing a foundation for training and player development to be used by coaches in the field. METHODS The study involved 440 middle school soccer players (Grade 1=178, Grade 2=132, and Grade 3=130). Measurements were conducted on seven physique and ten basic physical fitness factors. Measurement results were organized using Windows Excel 2021 and descriptive statistics were performed using Windows SPSS 26.0. Based on the descriptive statistics of the measurement results, the Cajori 5-Grade evaluation method was applied to establish evaluation criteria for each grade and fitness component. RESULTS The study results provide evaluation criteria for middle school soccer players based on the measured data, considering grade, physique, and basic physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS The criteria established in this study are expected to be widely utilized by coaches in the field to set training goals for areas such as player selection, development, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of psychological needs in the relationship between multiple coaching styles and teamwork among college football players. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 526 elite football players. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, and macroprocess were performed using statistical software to test the mediation effects of the data collected. RESULTS The findings suggested that autonomy-supportive and structure coaching styles positively correlated with and impacted psychological needs satisfaction and teamwork. Conversely, control and chaos coaching styles negatively correlated with and impacted psychological needs satisfaction and teamwork. In addition, autonomysupportive and structure coaching styles negatively correlated with and impacted psychological need frustration, while control and chaos styles positively correlated with and impacted psychological needs frustration. Furthermore, psychological needs satisfaction and frustration were found to partially mediate the relationships between autonomy support and teamwork, structure and teamwork, control styles and teamwork, and chaos styles and teamwork. CONCLUSIONS Autonomysupportive and structure coaching styles positively influenced teamwork by satisfying psychological needs. In contrast, control and chaos coaching styles negatively impacted teamwork by contributing to psychological needs frustration.
