This study was to develop and to apply real-time neurofeedback system for psychological self-regulation of shooters. Neurofeedback system was developed with expert meetings consisting of 8 sport psychology, EEG, and sport engineering experts based on Labview program. Developed neurofeedback system was applied to 4 college shooters for 10 sessions(1 session/week, 30 mins/session). Collected EEG wave data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The results were as follows: Firstly, based on user experience concept neurofeedback system was developed which easily perceived neurofeedback information as traffic lights with minimizing visual search activities. Secondly, after neurofeedback system application right brain activation level of shooters(except one shooter) were increased compared to left brain activation. Based on the results of this study, neurofeedback system can apply various sports and contribute to help athletes’ self-regulation and athletic performance enhancement in sport field.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training and resveratrol supplementation on a body composition, physical fitness, insulin resistance, liver function, blood pressure, and heart rate. Fifty-one elderly women were randomly assigned to aerobic training group (EX: n=12), resveratrol supplementation group (R: n=13), combined aerobic training and resveratrol supplementation group (EX+R: n=12), and control group (CON: n=14). The subjects in EX group exercised three sessions per week, 40 minutes per session for 8 weeks, the subjects in R group took 500 mg of resveratrol per day for 8 weeks, and the subjects in EX+R group received both treatments. The subjects in CON group were asked to maintain normal daily life pattern without any treatment for the same period of intervention. Body composition, physical fitness, insulin resistance, liver function, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured at pre- and post-test and the data were compared among groups and between tests by utilizing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Main results of the present study were as follows: 1) Physique and body composition did not change significantly in all groups. 2) Muscular endurance increased significantly in EX+R group, whereas the other physical fitness-related variables showed no significant changes in all groups. 3) Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c tended to be improved in EX+R group. 4) AST, ALT, and γ·GT showed no significant changes in all groups. 5) Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly in CON group. Heart rate tended to be decreased in EX+R group and EX group. It was concluded that the 8 weeks of aerobic training and resveratrol supplementation had positive effects on muscular endurance, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in T2DM elderly women. Research investigating the effects of a longer period of aerobic training and resveratrol supplementation on the same variables would be warranted in the future.
The purpose of this study was to examine competitiveness of sport product companies by brand origin in the Korean market by analyzing attribute evaluation of sport products, brand equity, and purchase intention and their causal relationship. Competitive sport brands were selected in global, Japanese, and Korean brands by a pilot survey. Then, this study selected a population participating in sports for all, elite sports, professional sports, and leisure sports and 498 effective questionnaires were secured. As a result, Korean consumers for sport products evaluated global sport brands in the highest level, Japanese sport brands in the moderate level, and Korean sport brands in the lowest level in the evaluation of attribute evaluation of sport products, brand equity, and purchase intention. Moreover, the evaluation of participating types in sports for all, elite sports, professional sports, and leisure sports showed the same result in the order of global, Japanese, and Korean sport brands. Global sport brands had a sequential causal relationship from attribute evaluation of sport products to brand equity and purchase intention and formed a consumption behavior model that attribute evaluation of sport products led to purchase intention. On the other hand, while Korean sport brands had a sequential causal relationship from attribute evaluation of sport products to brand equity and purchase intention, attribute evaluation of sport products did not lead to purchase intention. Finally, it was confirmed that global brands such as Nike and Adidas had a high market position and Korean sport consumers’ purchase behavior was determined based on information of product attributes and brand equity.
The purpose of this study was to identify problems that consumer and golf expert faced with and determine types of similar golf membership in Korea through analysing status of golf semi-membership. In addition, as the law related to golf facility was examined, current issues to improve management system of golf semi-membership were diagnosed, some improvements were deducted. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, case-study, expert interview, survey, examination of typical legal-system and expert advisory meeting were conducted. The results were as follows: First, the type of golf semi-membership was classified by 7. Second, the result of survey from consumer who experienced in purchasing golf semi-membership revealed that the number of experienced respondents was more than the unexperienced. Also, awareness of golf semi-membership brings positive effect to development of golf industry. According to the result of IPA, it was required that the current situation of golf semi-membership market would be improved and managed properly. Third, the results from investigating legal system in Korea showed that provision for reducing property loss associated with illegal contracts might be needed. Eventually, in order to minimize the property loss, complementary of membership contract, mandatory of information discloser, enacting provisions against violation and introduction of cooling-off system would be required.
This study examined whether or not regulatory focus can predict motivation level. 141 Ssireum player completed Korean self-regulatory focus of Hong(2005)assessing their self-regulatory focus, and Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire(BRSQ) of Lonsdale, Hodge & Rose(2008) accessing motivation level based on self-determination theory. Artificial neural network analysis was utilized to find motivation factors that determine the regulatory focus, and the option was multi-layer perception. The result represented promotion focus predicted intrinsic motivation. Also, the prevention focus predicted extrinsic motivation. This result provided that self-regulatory focus can predict player’s motivation level and promotion focus related to intrinsic motivation.
The purpose of this study which is follow up study of Lee and Kim(2015b)'s was to analyse error sources and estimation of reliability in peer review of forced connection method-sportscasting by applying generalizability theory. Generalizability theory quantify error sources of the data measured under certain specific situation set by the researchers. It is an analysis method that the relative influences of each error sources taking from score is determined(G-study), and the effective measurement condition future applicable is provided(D-study). Participants were 10th high school students(N=216). Data were collected from student's peer review results and analyzed using univariate and multivariate generalizability theory. Results showed that error source for video have a more significant impact than other error sources. But the result by analyzing the gender difference was that error source for the interaction of video and participants have a more significant impact than other error source in the case of girls. Peer review used in this study showed high generalizability coefficient and even when reducing the number of video or participants it can maintain the adequate reliability. But generalizability coefficient of boys was higher than girls and specific measurement conditions leading to enhanced reliability were different when analyzing by gender difference. Also, method of analysis which cannot reflect measurement conditions properly estimates the reliability excessive. Discussions were provided in term of the relative influences of each error sources, the effective measurement condition maintaining the Generalizability coefficient of a certain level, and the comparison the Generalizability coefficient with the way of estimation traditional reliability applying univariate and multivariate Generalizability theory taking from score in peer review of forced connection method-sportscasting.
It has been reported that continuous exercise and bright light exposure improved resistance to stress and reduced depression and anxiety, which were attributed to enhancing neurotransmitter GABA exocytosis and stimulating neurogenesis. In this study, the effects of treadmill exercise and bright light exposure on the expression of GABAAreceptor activity, calcineurin and calcineurin calcium signaling pathway-depended NFATc4, neurogenesis-related protein Cdk5 and specific regulator factor of Cdk in neurogenesis p35 in the hippocampus of rats were investigated by western blot assay. The expression of GABAAreceptor, Cdk5 and p35 significantly increased in the exercise+light group compared to the control group and the light group. The expression of KCC2 and NFATc4 significantly increased in the exercise+light group compared to all the other groups. And the expression of calcineurin significantly increased in the exercise+light group compared to the control group. The overall results showed that exercise and bright light stimulated neurogenesis of the hippocampus in rats and had positive effects on improving the brain neuronal function.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the research trends on school sports clubs using the Content Analysis and Network Text Analysis. Data included 137 journal articles published from 2007 to 2016 and were analysed using SPSS 20.0, KrKwic software and the NetDraw of UCINET 6 program.The results were as follows. First, the number of research articles on school sports clubs were increased since 2012. Second, research studies using mixed subjects were most popular in comparison to more narrow target population. Third, the mixed methods approach was less utilised in comparison to quantitative and qualitative research methods. Fourth, correlational studies were more frequently used while multivariate analyses were less common in terms of statistical methods. Fifth, satisfaction, policy, and leader were the most frequently used keywords among the keywords provided by journal articles. Lastly, the results of Network Text Analysis indicated that school sports clubs and user satisfaction showed the highest degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether β-alanine ingestion for 8 weeks can regulate isokinetic knee strength, and 3km record in middle-long distance woman cyclists. Fourteen middle-long woman cyclists participated in this study and were divided into two groups; training group with beta-alanine ingestion and training group with placebo ingestion. All subjects took in beta-alanine or placebo supplement three times per a day for 8 weeks. Physical activity was evaluated by measuring the isokinetic muscular strength and 3km record before and after intervention for 8 weeks. As a results, in isokinetic test, there were significant interrelationships in peak torque of the right and left flexors at 60°/sec, peak torque of the right and left extensors at 180°/sec, peak torque of the right flexors at 180°/sec. In 3km record, result showed a significant interrelationship by groups and time. The results of present study provide evidence that beta-alanine supplement may be effective to increase physical activity and competition record in middle-long woman cyclists.
This study aimed to explore the types of traumatic event experienced by Volleyball players and then prepare to take-off the serial process of posttraumatic growth to schematize a causal network by organizing the factors for overcoming adversity. Participants experiences were collected by distributing open-ended questionnaires to 77 professional Women's volleyball players in 2013-2014 and collected data was categorized by inductive content analysis. These results were schematized by the causal network. As a result of the study, according to the trauma were categorized into four general areas: member conflict, competence loss, physical injury, and coach conflict and the emotions relative to the trauma were categorized into four general areas: powerlessness, pressure, dejection, and hostility also coping factors were categorized into three general areas: social support, intervention strategies, and psychological control. Finally, positive growth emerged as psychological leap, performance improvement, psychological maturity, and emotional stability. And as a result of the categorized study, bring about a better understanding to the posttraumatic growth by causal network. Based on the study results, that volleyball players experienced a positive development on themself after overcoming the problem that they had suffered psychological scars from a traumatic event. In doing so, they contributed to the formation of resources that helped them in their positive lives. In this regard, this study expects to provide the players who have been scratched in mind because of the traumatic experience.
