PURPOSE This study identifies girls with learned helplessness in middle school physical education coping mechanism and growth process. METHODS Eight female 9th graders who previously experienced learned helplessness in physical education were purposely selected with their physical education teachers’ recommendation. After individual in-depth interviews, data were analyzed using inducted data analysis. RESULTS Findings show that the girls could overcome learned helplessness through their own will and with support of peers and physical education teachers. Moreover, they have undergone various growth processes after coping with learned helplessness. Recently, they have self-confidence in physical education classes and desire to learn physical education. Additionally, results showed that the girls’ learning will in physical education influenced other subject matters, which helped them overcome new challenges in their school and daily lives. CONCLUSIONS Results can be used as practical guidelines to develop educational programs and create policies for girls with learned helplessness.
Purpose A number of start-ups in the form of introducing sports contents in Korea as a new market are in progress, and appropriate support for each step is needed to increase the chances of a success. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial process of introducing and spreading newly created or developed sports content into a new market, Korea, by focusing on the innovation diffusion process model. Methods To derive the results, a qualitative research method was used, data were collected through in-depth interviews, literature search, and observation methods, and analyzed through categorization and itemization in stages based on content analysis results. Results Looking at the results, content recognition and problem identification were derived in the exogenous shocks stage, and the organization unity of internal and external stakeholder was confirmed in the formal coalition of opinion leaders stage. At the stage of internal communication between the opinion leaders of the social system, the expert communication in the same or similar field and external area appeared and the indirect experience also derived. In the decision to select a specific innovation stage, activities to belong to an international organization, to establish a new organization, and to secure idle space appeared, and at the stage of recruitment and/or the establishment of boundary spanners, efforts to secure internal and external human resource within the organization and to build an organization form appeared. In the stage of develop and introduce the innovation, online communication channels were established. In the stage of using mass media outlets, media articles, lectures, and academic conferences were used, and in the stage of actual diffusion of an innovation, experience and education programs were conducted, competition and exhibitions were held, venues were built, and actual international competitions were participated. At the stage of decisions to continue, discontinue, or re-invent the existing innovation must occur, evaluation was made by personnel inside and outside the organization. Conclusions It is possible to increase the success of start-up by creating a support system that can fill the necessary parts for each stage of start-up based on the derived activities for each stage.
Purpose This study tells about my life about the past time when I studied for the teacher certification examination, using autoethnography. Methods It primarily used personal memories and diaries. The collected data was analyzed by applying longitudinal coding method through technical categories. Results The finding of this study is described in a chronological order as follows. The first part is about my unstable ego formed in my puberty period just like riding a roller coaster. It mainly features the process of choosing a career path when I was in school and the important starting point that made me today. The second part describes about my life after entering the department of physical education. I joined the military only to flee from a fruitless college life where I was wearing an unbefitting mask to hide myself from the world that is completely beyond my control. In the military, I was lucky to realize how to apply my major to set up my career path by coincidence. The third part is about the process of finding a genuine meaning of being a physical education teacher through a transitional period experienced after returning to school and form a stable self. Lastly, passing teacher certification examination with undaunted struggles boosted my self-esteem and self-efficacy and solidified my self-identity in the end. In addition, it is possible to get a glimpse of the attitudes that teachers need to have for a teaching career in the last part. Conclusions What I want to say throughout my descriptive story is that preparing for the teacher certification examination itself is a great challenge as well as a courageous decision for the candidates, but it is an attainable goal if they try with all their heart.
The purpose of this study was to analysis of perception types for gender equality of middle school students in P.E. class. 90 students in the specialized middle school located in K city, were selected for the subjects based on the theory of Q methodology. Q samples were 31 Q statements finally extracted from the total of 120 statements after the experts' consultation. The final 35 selections were surveyed to be forced distribution by the respondents to the statement of their positive, neutral, negative frequency distribution of the total score nine points. Factor analysis was conducted by QUANL-PC program and the following conclusions were derived by the factors centered on those over one. First, the image types for middle school students in the coed physical education class on gender equality were appeared into total of 4 categories, physical education classes without discrimination, peer-cooperative to create friendly atmosphere, physical education class to the possibility for anyone, gender equality class and there were subjective differences in each types. Second, five Q statements commonly formed among each types of the physical education on gender equality for coed middle school students were derived.
PURPOSE By analyzing trends in Taekwondo demonstrations, specifically in breaking and performances, to date, this study aims to offer timely insights and set the groundwork for future research. METHODS We used Korean abstracts from a total of 425 papers containing the keyword “Taekwondo demonstrations” spanning 20 years from April 2004 to April 2023. We employed Python 3.5.2 to conduct dynamic topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Analysis, LDA) and to examine the correlation between the topic distribution by section and the publication year. RESULTS The main findings from the LDA are as follows. Topic 1 (10%): “The development of demonstrations: performance in culture and art, ” Topic 2 (11%): “The development of formalized rules and judgments in a demonstration event,” Topic 3 (08%): “A study on the educational courses and professionalism of Taekwondo coaches,” Topic 4 (11%): “Technical movements and kinematic characteristics,” Topic 5 (09%): “A study on marketing perspectives of demonstration performances,” and Topic 7 (33%): “Global exchange: the development and rise of internationalization.” In the correlation analysis between the topic share by section and the publication year, Topics 1 to 5 exhibited no statistically significant correlation. However, Topic 6, “A study on the attainment of events, training, and the psychological factors influencing athletes” and Topic 7, “Global exchange: the development and rise of internationalization,” also displayed a very statistically significant but negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS Future research should focus on studies on the psychological management of athletes during the performance of specific techniques and training methods. Further research considering the global characteristics of Taekwondo may be required.
Purpose and Methods The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts of ‘youth sport policy’ and policy areas as an alternative to school physical education concept and to provide a core conceptual framework for the development and implementation of youth sports policy in the future. Results The notion of youth sport policy is a process of seeking rational decision-making and optimal alternatives to solve the social problems associated with sports participation of youth in elementary school(aged 6 years) to high school(aged 18 years). The concept of 'youth sport' can reflect modern culture rather than 'school physical education' and it can be seen as more future oriented for lifelong participation in sports. The areas of youth sport policy are classified into physical education, school sport, and community sport. Physical education refer to the physical education classes operated by the Ministry of Education, and the school sport refers to the sports activities that take place throughout the school. Community sport is sports activities that are carried out outside the school by the choice of youth, which is the area where cooperation between the public sector and the private sector is needed. Conclusion In conclusion, healthy and active life for youth is required to establish cooperative governance of related organizations in order to ensure proper linkage between youth sport policy areas. Through this, it is necessary to solve the social problems of youth and promote their lifelong enjoyment of sport more consistently, efficiently and effectively.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-cultural background and the current issues of camp training system. This work could find the reason why camp training is continuing despite the regulatory policy. Methods This study compared past national and social situation, sports and education policies of each government, and the changes of sports paradigm through literature review. Results The settlement background of camp training system was explained by the national situation in 1970s and the elite sports policy. However, after the political democratization, the human rights ideology as universal value has developed, and the anti-human rights system which individuals sacrifice for the realization of community became not free in the school sports. Especially, since the 2000s, various social problems caused by camp training have been discussed and the school sports system is undergoing transition under various regulation. In this process, the conflict between the policy makers and the subjects is intensifying. The partial regulation, rather than radical reform, has been the cause of conflict without resolving 'the remnants of past elite sport policy'. The current regulation is limited to the "partial regulatory system", omitting fundamental changes such as the revision and abolition of the student-athletes' college entrance system. Conclusion This study presented two issues to normalize school sports. First, it is necessary to discuss the revision or abolishment of the student-athletes' college entrance system. Second, the existing school athletic system should be transformed into a future-oriented club system. By solving these problems, we can expect the policy effectiveness of current regulation and it will be able to reach the future that the regulatory policy are aiming at.
PURPOSE This study analyzed the relationship among coaching behaviors, motivational climate, sports competence, effort, and failure tolerance as perceived by high school athletes. Additionally, it examined whether motivational climate, competence, and effort mediate the relationship between coaching behaviors and failure tolerance. METHODS Using questionnaires measuring autonomy-supportive coaching behavior, controlling coaching behavior, motivational climate, sports competence, effort, and failure tolerance, 365 high school athletes were surveyed. Using SPSS 28.0 and Amos 28.0 software, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were conducted along with the following types of analyses: reliability, correlation, confirmatory factor, convergent validity, and discriminant. Additionally, the bootstrap method was used to verify serial multiple mediating effects. RESULTS Autonomy-supportive behavior had a significant positive effect 1) on motivational climate, sports competence, and effort and 2) on failure tolerance. 3) Controlling coaching behavior had a significant negative effect on motivational climate and sports competence. 4) Motivational climate and 5) sports competence both had a significant positive effect on effort. 6) Effort had a significant positive effect on failure tolerance. Last, in the relationship between autonomy-supportive behavior and failure tolerance, motivational climate, sports competence, and effort showed partial mediating effects. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the importance of coaches’ autonomy-supportive behavior in determining failure tolerance among adolescent athletes. Based on this information, counseling (educational) programs aimed at enhancing performance can be developed and provided in sports settings, thus fostering success among athletes.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze issues of sexual violence case in sports field reported in the press by using spline function model and text mining. In specific, spline function model is used to measure social interest level based on issue attention cycle theory and figure out the flow of issues by applying text mining. Methods Study material is 2,660 news articles reported from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 and press DB(Big Kinds) of Korea Press Foundation is used to collect study material. Results Social interest level on sexual violence case in sports field is dramatically increased due to disclosure of Sim player starting from Me Too movement started from the culture and art world. Because of this, as structural problem in sports field arises, social interest level comes to a climax, and then it was founded that the government’s countermeasures establishment and special audits by the Ministry of Education were in progress. From the perspective of the issue attention cycle, it has the stages of latent-occurrence-rising-decision-decay-disappearance, but the period from rising to declining is short, so it corresponds to a breaking issue attention cycle. Conclusion This study examines the progress of sexual violence case in sports field from rising to disappearance in the perspective of the issue attention cycle. With this incident, the world of sports is establishing sports ethics center and proceeding policies such as Basic Sports Act, and the future studies need to review the effectiveness of this policy.
Purpose This study was to investigate the systematic application of the life skills program and its effects in a sport setting. Methods Participants were 14 college students(8 males and 6 females) majoring in Taekwondo. Survey tools were utilized to measure items of life skills and journals. Data analyses were conducted by using Excel program and inductive content analysis. Results First, life skills in this study consisted of goal setting, self-talk, imagery, cognitive restructuring. Life skills program has undergone a procedure, such as the introduction, training, development, application, and evaluation. Second, the average scores of life skill variables have been changed according to measured points. Specifically, the average scores of goal setting and self-talk were highly increased over time and the average score of imagery indicated gradual rising line. The average score of negative thought was slightly reduced over time. Third, regarding effects of this program, participants’ responses were categorized into six components; performance enhancement, positive thoughts, chances of change, goal setting, struggling efforts, and motivation formation. Further, participants stated this program was a great opportunity to develop these components. Conclusion The application of life skills program in sport settings will contribute to participants’ life span developmental change in cognitions, emotions, and behavior.
