PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the scoring patterns of male and female Korean judo athletes by weight class, based on major international competitions from 2016 to 2021. METHODS We analyzed 1,508 scoring techniques, consisting of penalty, Waza-ari, and Ippon connected techniques, from male and female Korean athletes who participated in the Grand Prix, Grand Slam, Masters, World Championships, and Olympics. Chi-squared tests were conducted to examine differences in rounds, time, results, techniques, and continent by weight class. RESULTS In terms of differences in rounds, statistically significant differences were found in the men's lightweight and women's heavyweight categories. Statistically significant differences were found in the following: regarding differences in match time, in the men's heavyweight category; regarding match results, in the men's heavyweight category; and regarding differences in technique type, in the men's middleweight and heavyweight categories and in the women's lightweight and heavyweight categories. Finally, in terms of opponent continents, significant differences were found in both men's and women's lightweight categories. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study confirmed the differences in wins and losses of male and female Korean athletes according to their weight classes. Based on this, it is necessary to analyze and systematize the technology types of the world's top athletes, including Korean athletes, to improve their judo performance.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical variables involved in ballet dancers’ ankle muscle imbalance when performing relevé movements. METHODS The subjects of this study (n=14, age: 22.29±1.73 years old, height: 161.4±5.06cm, weight: 51.88±7.51kg) were 14 ballet dancers with 9 years of experience. Based on the reciprocal muscle strength ratio, the dancers were divided into the following groups: Close to the normal value (RMIS) and far from the normal value (RMIB) using the maximum values of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint using an isokinetic measurement equipment (60°/sec). RMIB). The biomechanical variables, namely the ankle joint movement and ground reaction force, were subsequently measured. SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis and independent t-test was used for statistical verification. RESULTS The ground reaction force in the Z (vertical) direction based on the ankle joint muscle strength imbalance of ballet dancers was significantly lower in the RMIB group. In addition, although it was not a statistically significant difference, the plantar flexion movement was lower in the RMIB group, and there was a significant difference in the generation of ankle joint movement in the Z direction. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in order for a ballet dancer to efficiently utilize the force generated from the supporting leg when performing a movement, ankle imbalance must be taken into consideration when training.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic postural control of youth athletes with and without a history of lateral ankle sprains. METHODS Twenty-eight youth athletes (14 lateral ankle sprain, 14 healthy control) participated in this study. All participants answered the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire and were subject to the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for dynamic postural control evaluation to collect the joint angles of the lower extremity, a center of pressure (COP) path, and COP velocity. Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test were performed to analyze the difference between the groups. RESULTS The lateral ankle sprain group (LAS) was found to have a long experience in participating in sports, and low Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores were identified when compared to the healthy control (CON; p<0.05). LAS was observed with a short reach distance, less hip flexion, and dorsiflexion angles during the anterior direction of SEBT when compared to CON (p<0.05). Furthermore, LAS showed a slower anteroposterior and mediolateral center of pressure velocities in the posteromedial aspect of SEBT and a slower anteroposterior COP velocity in the posterolateral aspect of SEBT when compared to that of CON (p<0.05). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the other variables (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, decreased anterior reach distance of SEBT may be affected by changing the dynamic posture control strategy of the lower extremity joint on the sagittal plane in LAS.
PURPOSE For student-athletes to be able to successfully dedicate themselves to training and competition, the following key factors play an important role: The coach, team climate, and individual motivational characteristics. To test this hypothesis, the structural relationships between having a perceived autonomy support, a caring climate, basic psychological needs, and sport commitment were analyzed. METHODS Participants were 297 high school athletes registered with the Korea Olympic Committee (203 males, 94 females, Mage=17.88 years). Data were collected using sports climate questionnaires for autonomy support, caring climate scale, basic psychological needs scale, and sport commitment measurement. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. RESULTS The model’s fitness was indicated by x2/df=2.797 (x2=106.288, df=38), CFI=.977, TLI=.967, RMSEA=.078 (90% CI=.061, .096). Examining the various path coefficients revealed that coach autonomy support had a positive effect on the athlete’s caring climate, basic psychological needs, and sport commitment. The caring climate had a significant effect on basic psychological needs, but did not have a statistically significant effect on sport commitment. Finally, basic psychological needs had a positive effect on sport commitment. CONCLUSIONS Coach autonomy support fosters a caring climate, and athletes who are able to perceive this are able to dedicate themselves to their sport since their basic physiological needs are met. Therefore, coaches should use appropriate coaching strategies to enhance athletes' autonomy and foster a caring climate, as both are essential factors for meeting athletes' psychological needs and promoting sport commitment.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a period-based psychological support model for athletes and to establish a system after deducing a psychological support model foreach time period. METHODS In this study, 5 psychological support practitioners were selected as research participants to explore requirements and 4 athletes were selected for the field application of the psychological support model. The requirements for developing the psychological support model were collected through in-depth interviews by the psychological support practitioners. Literature reviews and interviews were conducted to develop the psychological support model. RESULTS The period-based psychological support model consists of orientation, problem exploration, problem clarification, intervention, effect evaluation, and termination. The period of psychological support for athletes was divided into the following: A single-session psychological support, brief psychological support, and seasonal psychological support. The system of period-based psychological support model for athletes is a flow chart that applies the period-based psychological support model from the initiation till the termination of psychological support. CONCLUSIONS The phase of the psychological support model is expected to contribute to the enhancement of the effectiveness of psychological support by establishing a psychological support system for athletes.
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a coach presenteeism scale with scientifically proven reliability and validity. METHODS In order to achieve the research purpose, preliminary questions were drafted using previous studies (Lee & Kim, 2022) and existing presentation questionnaires (SPS-34, SPS-6, SPS-13). The preliminary set of questions was composed of 23 questions, which were deliberated through a meeting with subject experts. After which, a survey involving 183 coaches was conducted. In this study, statistical verification procedures were conducted through construct validation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, convergent validation and discriminant validation. RESULTS Finally, a 2-factor (DRA 5 items, DTP 5 items), 10-item coach presenteeism scale was developed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a scale with verified reliability and validity was developed to support and investigate the presenteeism phenomenon experienced by coaches. These may be used by coaches themselves to check their presenteeism status and may guide future research to effectively train athletes.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a non-face-to-face self-regulation training program for middle and high school student-athletes through the conduct of a group online video counseling session, as well as to verify the effectiveness of such a tool. METHODS Based on the models of Zimmerman(2000) and Han Si-wan (2008), the 12-session non-face-to-face self-regulation training program consisting of interactions involving cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors was developed and used on a 16-member experimental group. Additionally, self-regulation and mental toughness questionnaires were given to each member before and after the program, and the results were compared with the results of a 17-member control group. Since a qualitative evaluation was conducted, recorded training contents were organized into a text file; after which, a step-by-step coding procedure was performed, and then meanings and themes were identified and categorized. RESULTS Quantitative analysis found that the volitional inhibition mode of the control group decreased significantly; this was in comparison to the increase in the self-regulation mode of the experimental group. In addition, among the seven sub-factors of the mental strength test of the experimental group, a significant increase was found in the post-test of self-belief, attention control, emotional regulation, resilience, and optimism factors. As a result of qualitative data analysis, they complained of difficulties in the early stages of participation, but gradually recognized their problems and searched for changes, showed changes in cognition, emotion, and behavior as they approached the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS It can be said that the non-face-to-face self-regulation training program helped student athletes improve their school life and performance by driving positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes.
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine contemporary sports reality and its problems through the feature-length independent film <Not Out>, which focused on baseball, a popular sport, and highlighted its rather dark side. METHODS The researcher performed a textual analysis using the perspective of critical theory. RESULTS Gwang-ho was the hero of a walk-off hit in the national baseball competition final, who suffered from three career strikes during his third year of high school and thought that he had bright future ahead of him. Before the amateur draft, Gwang-ho boldly rejected the proposal of a trainee contract from a professional team (strike 1), then he was subsequently not selected in the amateur draft (strike 2), before he applied for the college entrance examination for baseball specialties, and was eventually rejected. (strike 3) In the end, he was able to enter college through a bribe given by his father (not-out situation). CONCLUSIONS <Not Out> is a film based on a true story, and it showcased the realities of elite sports by revealing the dynamics of society and school, where the main character responded with reluctance and indifference. This movie highlighted the realities of delinquency, violence, abusive language, bribe, and violations of the right to learn and how these have continued to evade the law despite being thought to be gone.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the integrated marketing communication (IMC) attribute of professional baseball teams, their fans’ perceived value, and voluntary behavior related to the parent company. METHODS In this study, the target population consisted of spectators watching a professional baseball game. A survey was conducted on 360 fans watching the KIA tigers’ and kt wiz’ home game using the convenience sampling method. Finally, a total of 261 were used for data analysis, and frequency, confirmatory factor, reliability, correlation, structural equation model analyses using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS Main findings are as follows: First, interactivity of professional baseball teams’ IMC had positive effects on the emotional value. Second, interactivity and reminders from the parent companies of professional baseball teams’ IMC had positive effects on social value. Third, stakeholder connectivity and reminders from parent company of professional baseball teams’ IMC had positive effects on altruistic value. Fourth, with regard to the social aspect, the fans’ perceived value had positive effects on loyalty, customer participation and customer cooperation of voluntary behavior related to parent company. Lastly, with regard to the altruistic aspect, the fans’ perceived value had positive effects on customer cooperation of voluntary behavior related to the parent company. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, professional baseball teams should identify the IMC elements that fans perceive as important and establish effective marketing communication strategies to enhance the perceived value of their brand among their fans, ultimately increasing their voluntary engagement with the parent company.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to synthetically explore different communication strategy patterns that are dependent on the events and stakeholders, which include professional sports players, teams, and the associations. METHODS Using the Python program, we performed web crawling and machine learning algorithms to analyze news articles for our research analyses. In particular, 696 articles on driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol were gathered and subject to descriptive scrutiny; a total of 782 sentences were selected for the analysis. Also, among the 509 articles on illegal gambling, 484 sentences were analyzed. Moreover, 50 frequently reported words were extracted from these sentences to assess their frequencies through the word cloud method for concrete visualization. Then, the data were mapped in order to systemically understand the communication strategy patterns for each case, which were dependent on the stakeholders and timing of the event. RESULTS The empirical results revealed that in case of unethical events of driving under the influence that were reported in the news, most of the subjects chose an apology strategy immediately, but for illegal gambling reports, the parties involved rarely respond and it was difficult to find specific strategy patterns among the subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that when professional sports teams were exposed to transgression, depending on the characteristics of the event and stakeholders, they chose different communication strategies involving fan characteristics for the event and subjects. Ultimately, they chose different strategies dependent on their fans’ involvement.
