PURPOSE This study was to examine safety awareness of sports among university students. METHODS Total 1950 university students of 9 regions responded to questionnaires on safety awareness of sports with using simple random sampling. The date were analyzed by frequency analysis and Two-way ANOVA. RESULTS The results of this study werew as follows: Fistly, male students were experienced safety awareness education more than female students. In addition, the education of safety awareness of sports took place in sports field, but most of students did not aware of safety personnel. Secondly, university students thought that sports was not safe because sports facilities and equipments were not managed and they were worn out. Thirdly, they perceived sports safety was managed generally normal. Furthermore, they perceived the aging of facilities and equipments at sports sites was major factor in the occurrence of safety accidents. In order to reduce sports safety accidents, it is necessary to facilitate safety education of sports at government. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will be used as fundamental information to raise safety awareness in university students and to establish safe sports culture.
PURPOSE Through analysis, this study reports on occurrences of children and adolescents’ sports accidents and presents measures to prevent, cope with, and manage school sports accidents. METHODS The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, a frequency analysis was conducted using 284,429 safety accident data of the School Safety and Insurance Association (SSIA). Second, the inductive analysis method was applied to in-depth interviews conducted with eight teachers. RESULTS , accidents are characterized as follows: 1) At the school level, accidents have increased significantly every year in a large proportion of elementary and middle schools. 2) The span of time spent on sports was large. 3) Accidents happened at playgrounds and auxiliary facilities. 4) Accidents happened during kindergarten play and ball sports in schools. 5) The descending order of days with the most accidents was Thursday, Tuesday, Friday, Wednesday, Monday, Saturday, and Sunday. 6) Rather than a certain month, accidents happened across the school semester. 7) Most accidents occurred from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Second, field teachers’ stories were categorized into the following topics. 1) School accidents can occur anytime, anywhere. Whether mild or serious, they still had the burden of inevitable accidents. 2) Required: were prompt response and handling by appropriate teachers; timely treatment and recovery cost support; also procedurally simplified handling by SSIA was helpful. 3) Avoiding accidents requires the following:: regular operation of safety education programs; daily promotion of teachers’ preventive observation and close guidance; and active role reinforcement of SSIA and policy support. CONCLUSIONS Finally, measures to prevent, cope with, and manage school safety accidents were proposed.
PURPOSE By comparing and analyzing the sport safety policies in New Zealand, the USA, and the UK, this study sought to propose sport safety policies for people with disabilities in Korea. METHODS This study utilized a comparative research design in three steps. Policy documents were collected from the websites of institutions that directly or indirectly influence the sports safety policies for people with disabilities in each country, as well as academic articles from both domestic and international research databases. RESULTS The data analysis revealed each country’s legal basis, operating entities, and delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the following implications for the development of sports safety policies for people with disabilities are presented. First, the current legislation system that serves as a foundation for the sports safety policy should be strengthened. Second, a cooperative system should be established among various operating entities related to sports for people with disabilities. Third, the delivery system of sports safety policies for people with disabilities needs to be diversified. To sustain the growing participation of such individuals in sports, developing sports safety policies and guidelines specific to people with disabilities at the national level is essential.
PURPOSE This study presents policy proposals based on literature review and document analysis in relation to sport concussion. METHODS Online documents were collected from sports organizations of the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea that either supervise sports concussion management policies or govern specific sports at different levels. RESULTS The results and implications of the study were as follows. First, safety education on sports concussion should be strengthened quantitatively and qualitatively, be required by all sports stakeholders, and will need to be executed by utilizing new technology platforms. Second, sports governing bodies must present a concussion safety policy tailored to each sport by distinguishing between youth and professional sports. Finally, discussions regarding the legalization of domestic sports concussion safety policies should take place in a timely manner. CONCLUSIONS These precautionary approaches would contribute to raising awareness on concussions in sports and help build a safer environment for sports.
Purpose Incidence and prevalence of Korean teenager cheerleading injuries were surveyed. Methods A total of 769 junior cheerleaders who participated in National Sport Cheerleading Competitions responded to a questionnaire, and 435 reported experiences of injuries. Results Risk factors for injury included older age (p<0.001), increased experience (p<0.001), and higher BMI (p<0.05). The most frequent injury occurred at wrist, ankle, knee, shoulder and waist. And the most responded types of injury were muscular pain and contusion. Cheerleading experience affected on injury prevalence. They were injured when they perform Elevator (<0.5 yrs), Cradle (0.5-1 yrs), Cradle and Basket toss (1-2 yrs), Cradle and Pyramid (2-3 yrs). These techniques involved in bodily movements of going up and cradle. About 56% of injury was treated at home or not treated at all, and 60% of injury was either self-treated or not intervened. And only 32% of cheerleaders practiced on a formal mattress. Conclusion Safety measures for these youth cheerleaders are necessary and guidelines for securing safety and preventing and treating injuries for these population are urgent.
PURPOSE This study explores injury attributions accepted by serious football participants, specifically intermediate and advanced players. METHODS Utilizing Q methodology, 25 Q-samples and 33 P-samples were selected, and Q-classification was conducted. Principal component factor analysis through the PQ method (vers. 2.35) was employed for data analysis, and types were interpreted and named based on the Q-sample with a Z-score of ±1.0 or higher. RESULTS Results categorized injury attributions accepted by the participants into four types: 'Type I: Facility/ Human Resource Responsibility Type,” 'Type II: Luck/Other Responsibility Type,” 'Type III: Self Responsibility Type,” and 'Type IV: Insufficient Safety Education.” This study provided academic and policy discussions by reclassifying four types according to their internal and external location and controllability. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study emphasizes the relevance of all four types of injury attribution to policy considerations. Ensuring participants' right to participate in safe and enjoyable sports requires addressing facilities/human resources, education, and insurance as major policy components of sports safety.
PURPOSE This study examined levels of safety knowledge and practice among recreational sports participants, focusing particularly on impacts of gender, age, injury experience, and exercise-level profile. In sports environments, understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted strategies to promote safe behaviors. METHODS Survey data from 7725 participants engaged in regular recreational sports activities were analyzed. Latent Profile Analysis was employed to categorize participants based on their injury experience and exercise levels, resulting in two profiles: Group 1 (moderate or severe injury experience with intermediate exercise levels) and Group 2 (mild injury experience with beginner exercise levels). Three-way ANOVA was then used to evaluate relationships between these profiles and safety knowledge and practice levels. RESULTS Results revealed significant differences across sex, age, and profile groups. Compared with women, men demonstrated higher levels of safety knowledge and practice, which were likely influenced by greater exposure to high-intensity sports and risk-taking tendencies. Adolescents exhibited the highest levels of safety knowledge and practice linked to structured safety education, but these levels declined in early adulthood and then increased again in middle age due to growing health awareness and preventive motivations. Furthermore, participants in Group 1 consistently showed higher levels of safety knowledge and practice than those in Group 2, highlighting injury experience’s role in shaping safety behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of developing gender-specific safety education programs, age-appropriate interventions, and training initiatives tailored to beginning participants. Future research should evaluate these strategies’ long-term impact on safety practices and injury prevention in diverse sports settings.
The purpose of this study was (a)to clearly define the concept of service quality as it relates to the online sports shopping mall, and (b)to develop and validate a psychometrically sound measurement scale, (c)examine the relationship among service quality and shopping satisfaction and intention of recommendation for marketing strategy internet sport shopping mall management. Following Churchill’s(1979) suggestions, the author developed internet Sports Shopping Mall Service Quality(E-SSMSQ). For the development E-SSMSQ (1)literature review, (2)focus group interview, (3)in-depth interviews (4)pilot test(n=97), (5)first data collected(n=459), (6)Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and reliability analysis for items evaluation, (7)confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and correlation analysis for scale validation, (8)CFA, correlation analysis and structural equation model(SEM) test for predictive validity used second data collected(n=471). The current study conceptualized the service quality in the context E-SSMSQ by incorporating interaction, efficiency, order processing, information, security, and design. The authors also developed 20 items E-SSMSQ. The results of SEM support the psychometric property of the scale. First, interaction, efficiency and order processing of E-SSMSQ had significantly influence on internet shopping mall satisfaction. Interaction, efficiency, security, and design of E-SSMSQ had significantly influence on internet shopping mall intention of recommendation.
PURPOSE This study aimed to apply a capacity building program to sport life skill leaders and to provide cases of this process. METHODS The study participants included four leaders (male=2, female= 2, Mage=37.5) who were managing a sport life skills program at a university. They participated in a capacity building program, which consisted of (a) understanding (leader seminar), (b) application (managing the sport life skills program), and (c) evaluation (leader’s self-reflection), which were conducted in eight sessions. Four leaders conducted self-evaluations using program quality assessment (PQA) during every session, and quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Qualitative data were derived using a cross-case analysis, and quantitative data were used for calculating the effect size after performing the paired t-test. RESULTS Analyzing the reported cases of sport life skill leaders, the use value of the capacity building program was identified. Furthermore, the cases reported by the four leaders enabled observation of how the leader’s capabilities were strengthened. In the paired t-test, the effect size of physical and psychological safety, appropriate structure, supportive relationship, opportunities to belong, support for efficacy mattering, opportunities for life skill building, excluding integration of family, school, and community effort, were all significant. All effect sizes were found to have “very large effects.” CONCLUSIONS The capacity building program played a positive role in strengthening the leaders’ life skill coaching capabilities. These findings have practical implications—chiefly, it is important to strengthen leaders’ or coaches’ capabilities in order to foster life skill development and transfer of student-athletes.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to find effective skin scuba activation factors and to provide basic data that extend the scope of research related to skin scuba. Methods Delphi method was used and the experts were categorized by experts to analyze the results. The questionnaires collected through the 2nd and 3rd delphi surveys were SPSS win ver. 22.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013 to calculate mean, standard deviation, median, and coefficient of variation. The concrete conclusions are as follows. Conclusions First, in terms of organization sub-factor, fostering sports-for-all participants and college club came out to be very effective and followed by cooperation system with Ministry of Public Safety and Security and Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, strengthening cooperation and exchange with other education organizations, initializing new scuba diving education organization management and inspection institution and establishing scuba diving education organization. Second, in terms of facility/equipment sub-factor, factors that cause most effectiveness came out as expanding scuba-diving installation, developing connection system with medical department, enlarging indoor-diving education facilities, improving scuba diving equipment, consecutively. Third, in terms of leader sub-factor, training instructor through leader personality education and verification came out to be the most effective, followed by objectifying professional education institution leader training system, improving leader treatment. Fourth, in terms of program sub-factor, it is found that safety education program as the most effective factor, coming next with environment education/professional manpower training program, developing various programs, lastly, inventing insurance product. Fifth, in terms of advertisement sub-factor, as in order of guiding publics to change their view towards scuba-diving, expanding scuba-diving related events and establishing advertisement system had its effectiveness. Sixth, in terms of policy sub-factor, establishing cooperation system among administration departments came out to be most effective and then improving related law-system.
