Korea Sports Association for the Disabled have a responsibility for sports promotion of the disabled. After the launch of the organization 10 years have passed and now there ara a lot of achievement and challenges. By applying the system theory there ware derived many performance and ahallenge. First, in terms of system boundaries the organization requires an understanding of several related businesses within government departments and sports organizations to promote cooperation between business needs to enhance the professionalism. Second, in terms of the production system the organization requires specialization of the purpose, division of labor according to the principles of the process of professionalization, specialization according to the needs of beneficiaries, according to demographic characteristics. Third, in terms of keeping system the degree of formalization of business rules and procedures to enhance the selection, training, compensation of employees is necessary to improve the system and gather the information you need to perform tasks. Forth, in terms of adaptive systems research budget in view of the research need to be carried out as planned and secured by business efficiency and effectiveness, and to ensure accountability through evaluation utilizing external experts in departmental organizational diagnosis and assessment. Fifth, in terms of organization and management system there are necessary to affiliate effort to resolve the conflict between the hierarchical and reward trade-offs and goal setting and the use of resources allocation, substantiality of performance evaluation. Sixth, Five kinds of systems that require priority sector innovation efforts in the production system, management system, adaptive systems, maintenance systems, boundary systems in order.
The purpose of this study was (1) to analyze judges’ evaluation on figure skating performance and statistical analysis and (2) to make recommendation to improve judges' performance. Data were 62 figure skaters’ scores from Senior Woman 1 Group Part at 2015 The National Figure Skating Championship in Korea. Data of presentation part in Short Program were analyzed. Presentation part consists of skating skills, transitions/linking footwork/movement, performance/execution, choreography/composition and interpretation. Nine judges evaluate skater's presentation with the score 10.0 for each factor. Generalizability theory, descriptive statistics and ANOVA were utilized. Results showed that generalizability coefficient of presentation part was over 0.9, therefore stable reliability was secured. The error source about players has more significant impact to evaluation than other error sources. Generalizability coefficient was stable when reducing the number of judges up to 2. Also, judges generally represented aspects of similar evaluation, but different aspects appeared on a few judges’ assessment in the components of presentation. Discussions were provided in terms of the reliability of the judging method for the presentation part of figure skating and the effective measurement condition.
Purpose The purpose of this study was (1) to analyze judges’ evaluation on rhythmic gymnastics performance by applying generalizability theory and (2) to suggest recommendations to improve judges' rating. Methods Data were 34 players’ scores from Senior Part at 29th KGA President’s Cup National Rhythmic Gymnastics Championship in Korea. Difficulty and execution scores in ball, clubs, hoop and ribbon event were analyzed. Analysis models containing components of area and reputation rank were designed and multivariate generalizability theory were used for analysis. Results The G-study results showed (1) that the error source about players has more significant impact to evaluation than other error sources in analysis model containing components of only player and judge, (2) that the error source about players has more significant impact to evaluation than other error sources in analysis model adding components of area, but the error source about area has more significant impact to evaluation of clubs event than other error sources, (3) that the error source about players has more significant impact to evaluation than other error sources in analysis model adding components of reputation rank, but the error source about reputation rank has more significant impact to evaluation of hoop event than other error sources in analysis model adding components of area. The D-study results showed generalizability coefficient was stable in analysis model without components of area and reputation rank, but generalizability coefficient in analysis model containing components of area and reputation rank not stable in some event. Conclusion Recommendations for improving judging were discussed.
Purpose This study aims to find out the attitude changes of consumers on a corporate sponsor in a cause related marketing based on frequency of information exposure and the image of the sponsor. Methods The data were collected from 191 students of C university in Seoul and its vicinity. The data were collected three times from the sample to see the attitude changes over time. The hypotheses of the sutdy were developed based on meaning transfer theory and spreading activation theory. This study hypothesized that the attitude toward a sponsor would change in a positive direction when consumers are exposed to related information and the change would be moderated by the frequency of information exposure. Also, the changes in attitude would be different based on the image of sponsors(i.e., positive image sponsor vs. negative image sponsor). The hypotheses were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA. Results The results of the analyses indicated that the attitude change was greater when the frequency of information exposure was higher. The attitude change in positive image sponsor was statistically lower than that of negative image sponsor possibly due to ceiling effect.
This study employed a sportscape model to analyze environmental impact on spectators’behavior. In addition, the loyalty construct in the sportscape model was reanalyzed based on the theoretical framework. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed to the spectators of World University Taekwondo Championship, and 418 questionnaires were used for data analyses. The analyses of measurement and structural models were conducted using SPSS 18.0 and EQS 6.2 programs. The results indicated that the measurement model showed acceptable reliability and validity. The structural analysis showed that five stadium factors (parking, cleanliness, crowding, food service, and fan control) have significant effects on spectators’ desire to stay and to revisit the stadium. Loyalty also positively affected revisit intention. This study emphasizes sport environment to make spectators revisit and provides future research suggestions to improve the sportscape model.
[Purpose] This study analyzes ethical issues about genetic technology used for the enhancement of athletes. In so doing, this study aims to rethink gene manipulation in sports and suggest theoretical groundwork for an ethical discussion of gene doping, as well as providing some guidelines. [Methods] For this purpose, this study looks at the relationship between genetic engineering and morality as discussed by eminent domestic and international philosophers, medical ethicists, and scholars of sport studies. Then, the pros and cons of the use of genetic engineering in sport are analyzed to show the different values embedded in each of the opposite positions. [Results] This study identifies three points of debate: fairness, coercion, dignity and autonomy. Through a literary and philosophical review, it is revealed that prior criticism against gene manipulation has logical loopholes. [Conclusion] Rather than approaching the issue with groundless fear and prejudice, it is necessary to look into its benefits and ethical problems in detail. In addition, better equipped ethical as well as practical grounds are required to control the introduction of gene doping technology.
Drawing on the studies of implicit ways of teaching (Choi, 2002; Fenstermacher, 1990; Hasen, 2001; Oakeshott, 1989; van Manen, 1991), the aim of this study is to examine the educational effects of indirect teaching behavior (ITB), a new approach of researching teacher behavior, in order to better understand well-rounded education in the field of physical education. An ethnographically informed case study based on participant observation (eight months, 8th grade two co-ed physical education classes) was employed to produce a thick description of the ITB. Participant observation was supported by video recordings of classes, photos of students, questionnaires and interview, and teacher's self-report. Through inductive analysis of the data, we found that ITB had a powerful influence on forming a positive classroom atmosphere in relation to fun, active and moral. The positive atmosphere played a pivotal role in encouraging students' social and moral development including respecting their teacher, cooperating with other friends, learning the intrinsic value of physical education, and reflecting themselves. An understanding of ITB will help expand the way in which educators view teaching methods and studies in physical education beyond the dominant approach to techniques-oriented teaching in that ITB can be seen as essential content for holistic development of students. In this sense, this paper suggested that researchers and teacher educators need to re-examine the power of ITB in regard to teacher's professional competence in physical education and teacher education (PETE). For future research of ITB, it is necessary to explore what and how key personal and social-cultural factors impact teachers' ITB as is currently being conducted in the realm of teaching.
Purpose The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the educational meaning of managing a specialist physical education school (SPES) and to suggest policy supports. Methods Semi-structured interviews with a physical education teacher who had managed a SPES and document analysis were undertaken. Data collected were analysed using constructivist grounded theory. Results In telling, four themes were described, which include: backgrounds that the teacher took over the SPES, cases of reforming the SPES and its impacts, pressures from a private physical education alliance, and the SPES has a long road ahead. In re-telling, a need of re-conceptualizing public education based physical education career education and four policy supports were discussed. Conclusions Developing a range of models for SPES-community connection, exploring longitudinal effectiveness of managing SPES as physical education career education, and exploring effective SPES models for student-athletes are suggested as future research.
This study examined whether or not regulatory focus can predict motivation level. 141 Ssireum player completed Korean self-regulatory focus of Hong(2005)assessing their self-regulatory focus, and Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire(BRSQ) of Lonsdale, Hodge & Rose(2008) accessing motivation level based on self-determination theory. Artificial neural network analysis was utilized to find motivation factors that determine the regulatory focus, and the option was multi-layer perception. The result represented promotion focus predicted intrinsic motivation. Also, the prevention focus predicted extrinsic motivation. This result provided that self-regulatory focus can predict player’s motivation level and promotion focus related to intrinsic motivation.
PURPOSE This study aimed to categorize consumers’ subjectivity on public value of citizen professional football club. METHODS Q-sample and Q-classification charts were developed based on theoretical background of the public value of citizen football clubs, and in-depth interviews with consumers were conducted using the Q-methodology. Q-classification and Q-factor analyses were conducted by selecting local residents as P-samples. RESULTS The public value of citizen football clubs was confirmed as ‘Type I: club-city win-win’, ‘Type II: social integration’, and ‘Type III: culture-led’. These types are contrary to previous studies that mainly focused on management and marketing, such as financial profitability and soundness, regional economic impact, and commercial value. This is the result of examining the public value of the citizen football club from based on the subjectivity of consumer, and it differs from that in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS This study reconfirmed the specificity and role of citizen football clubs in commercialized professional sports. It showed that citizen clubs must adopt organizational goal and operation method that are different from profit sports organizations (clubs).
