It has been reported that continuous exercise and bright light exposure improved resistance to stress and reduced depression and anxiety, which were attributed to enhancing neurotransmitter GABA exocytosis and stimulating neurogenesis. In this study, the effects of treadmill exercise and bright light exposure on the expression of GABAAreceptor activity, calcineurin and calcineurin calcium signaling pathway-depended NFATc4, neurogenesis-related protein Cdk5 and specific regulator factor of Cdk in neurogenesis p35 in the hippocampus of rats were investigated by western blot assay. The expression of GABAAreceptor, Cdk5 and p35 significantly increased in the exercise+light group compared to the control group and the light group. The expression of KCC2 and NFATc4 significantly increased in the exercise+light group compared to all the other groups. And the expression of calcineurin significantly increased in the exercise+light group compared to the control group. The overall results showed that exercise and bright light stimulated neurogenesis of the hippocampus in rats and had positive effects on improving the brain neuronal function.
PURPOSE This study presents policy proposals based on literature review and document analysis in relation to sport concussion. METHODS Online documents were collected from sports organizations of the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea that either supervise sports concussion management policies or govern specific sports at different levels. RESULTS The results and implications of the study were as follows. First, safety education on sports concussion should be strengthened quantitatively and qualitatively, be required by all sports stakeholders, and will need to be executed by utilizing new technology platforms. Second, sports governing bodies must present a concussion safety policy tailored to each sport by distinguishing between youth and professional sports. Finally, discussions regarding the legalization of domestic sports concussion safety policies should take place in a timely manner. CONCLUSIONS These precautionary approaches would contribute to raising awareness on concussions in sports and help build a safer environment for sports.
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the functional movement in rope climbing. METHODS The rope climbing experiment included 16 healthy young male participants, and the methods of hand, cross-leg, and foot-hooking climbing were employed. The muscle activity and joint range of motion were measured and analyzed using EMG (Electromyography) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors. One-way analysis of variance was conducted (α<.05). RESULTS The activity of the forearm and biceps muscle was lower in cross-leg and foot-hooking climbing compared to hand climbing (p<.01), and the rectus femoris muscle activity in cross-leg climbing was smaller than that in hand climbing (p<.05). Furthermore, the adductor muscle activity in cross-leg climbing was higher than that of other types (p<.01). The range of motion for the elbow and shoulder flexion was smaller in hand climbing than in other types (p<.05); furthermore, the range of motion in the pelvis, thigh, and knee joint was the smallest in cross-leg climbing (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Because the pulling muscles such as the forearm, biceps, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi play an important role in the entire climbing motion, it is necessary to train the upper-body pulling-muscle group along with strengthening the core and lower body muscles.
PURPOSE This study examines changes in sport-team employees’ job satisfaction over their tenure and how these are moderated by their organizational identification and team identification, formed through their concurrent roles as fan and employee. METHODS A total of 292 sport-team employees participated in a survey, and their self-reported tenure length served as the time variable. This study estimated the nonlinear pattern of job satisfaction and tested the moderating effects of dual identification using generalized additive mixed models with random effects at the individual level. RESULTS Job satisfaction followed a honeymoon–hangover–rebound curve, rising during the first 0–29.4 months, declining between 29.4 and 76.8 months, and increasing again after 76.8 months. Higher levels of organizational and team identification positively moderated this pattern. CONCLUSIONS Applying a time-based job satisfaction model from organizational behavior to the sport management setting extends the model’s generalizability. This study empirically demonstrated that the fan–employee dual identification can significantly amplify or attenuate the job satisfaction pattern, highlighting the need for sport organizations to develop human resource strategies specific to one’s tenure phase.
Purpose The study aims to analyze the factors affecting the Residents user satisfaction in order to improve the management of the Open School Sports Center the support facility of the National Sports Promotion Fund. Methods This data is based on Korea Institute of Sports Science(KISS)'s Open School Sports Center Usage Status and Satisfaction Survey (2016) and Open School Sports Center use performance. The analysis model is a regression model (TOBIT) that takes into account the limited characteristics of dependent variables. Results The results are as follows: the satisfaction is negatively related age, number of regulations, weekday opening hours, and usage fees. Conclusion Therefore, in order to increase the satisfaction of Open School Sports Center residents users, various supports are needed. This includes funds for PR, discounts and user-friendliness. It also requires differentiated management of each Center. In the case of regions and facilities, consumer-oriented policies need to be applied instead of collective standards.
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the psychological capitals created by the experience of winning an Olympic medal by using the photovoice method. Methods Data were collected on the way the participants-five Bronze medalists in the Women's volleyball in 1976 Montreal Olympics-take and send photographs. The interviews were conducted by phone based on the collected data. The photographs were placed into the parent category after conducting inductive content analysis, and their validity was confirmed from the expert meetings. Results The results of the study, indicate that the participants have earned psychological capitals such as my matter volleyball for diligence, the gift of a Bronze medal to gratitude, the source of achievement, challenges, and key of relationship tenderness from the experience of winning an Olympic medal. Conclusion In this regard, this study provides an opportunity to extend the study on the lives of retired athletes who won an Olympic medal to various perspectives, as well as the impact of sports experience on everyday life.
The research is to shed new light to historical meaning and value of Carl Diem who was a pillar of modern sports in Germany and also served as an athlete, PE administrator, journalist, sports scholar and dean of a university. He has been highly regarded in Korea as a trail-blazer of German sports, but in his own country, he who once served as the secretary general of the 1936 German Olympics was at the center of controversy since he was named as a pro-Nazi, and even the name of a place named after him was deleted. Having said that, as an athlete, he played a huge role in organizing sports clubs where he worked as an chairman; organized and held various sports competition events; laid the academic groundwork for the modern sports in Germany by majoring in Sports in the United States. Above all, he is the one who came up with the torch relay and staved to define the significance of the Olympic Games by founding the International Olympic Academy. His academic and practical capabilities were proven through the establishment of Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, also known as German Sport University Cologne. And Carl Diem Research Institute is still up and running to this day. Thus, in this research, I’d like to take a look at his passion for sports and changes of German sports including the German Olympics and offer a multi-faceted view on him who was evaluated during a historical turmoil back then.
Purpose The purpose of the study is to analyze China's school sports policy by dividing it into the era of four leaders before the current regime. Methods Former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up is a big axis that distinguishes China's time, more than 70 years after its founding. Therefore, we discussed the history of Chinese school sports policy by considering the background of the times, the ideology of the former Chinese leaders, and the keynote of the sports policy that influenced the school sports policy. Results The Chinese school sports policy history before and after China's reform and opening up is summarized as having a continuity to “sports as an education for all” and a distinction symbolized by “legislation and scientificization.” Conclusion Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up has been carried on by the regimes since then, and his guiding ideology and sports policy keynote have had a profound impact on Chinese school sports policy.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the track records and physical abilities in elite cyclists(keirin). Methods Twenty three elite cyclists were measured height, weight, lower body circumference(thigh, calf, and ankle), basal physical abilities(grip/back muscle strength, 25m sprint, Sargent jump test, Burpee test, shuttle run test), one-repetition maximum(1RM) strength(back squat, bench press, leg curl, power clean, dead-lift, leg press), aerobic capacity(V̇O2max, METs, HRmax), and track records(200m and 500m). Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate which physical abilities related to track records. Results A statistically significant relationship was found between 200m track records and 2 variables which were the thigh circumference and 1RM leg press(p<.05). Also, the thigh circumference and 1RM leg press were significantly related to 500m track records(p<.05). Conclusions The results showed that the thigh circumference and maximal strength were associated with the track records in elite cyclists(keirin).
Purpose The purpose of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and procedures for topic modeling and to explain topic modeling to news articles about dementia-related physical activities. And it is also to discuss the possibility of using topic Modeling in the field of physical education. Methods In this study, the LDA algorithm of topic modeling is explained and the analysis procedure is summarized step by step by text preprocessing, text formatting, and topic number determination. The application cases were selected from 274 news articles about dementia-related physical activities reported in 13 major daily newspapers from 2000 to 2018. Results When the number of topics is 3, the Coherence Score figure is the highest. Topic 1 is about welfare services for dementia patients, Topic 2 is about prevention of dementia, and Topic 3 is about dementia research. The ratio by each subject is Topic 2 (46.0%), Topic 3 (33.2%) and Topic 1 (20.8%) in order of high ratio. Conclusion Topic modeling is an effective methodology to extract potential information excluding subjectivity of researchers. It is expected to be used when searching for information in massive texts in the field of physical education.
