PURPOSE Taekwon gymnastics is expected to be a program that can overcome the management difficulties currently faced by Taekwondo gyms and contribute to the expansion of Taekwondo base. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship among organizational identification, flow experience, intention to continue participation, and recommendation intention of Taekwon gymnastics participants. METHODS In this study, data was collected from 313 teenagers participating in Taekwon gymnastics at Taekwondo gyms in the metropolitan area from September 10 to 24, 2021. A total of 267 questionnaires were selected as the final sample, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. RESULTS Organizational identification had a significant effect on flow experience, challenge only had a positive effect on intention to continue participation, flow experience did not significantly affect recommendation intention, and intention to continue participation had a significant effect on recommendation intention. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed that organizational identification can contribute to improving inner pleasure and self-esteem, and it is necessary to examine the role of factors that can mediate the relationship between flow experience and behavioral intention in the future. Furthermore, managers of Taekwondo gyms should hold various events that can inspire teenagers’ sense of challenge to encourage intention to continue participation.
PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to analyze the behavioral intention and use behavior among the consumers of online home training contents via YouTube by employing the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT); (2) to test the moderating effects of risk perception toward the coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, and 3) to test differential impacts of generational difference across millennial and baby boom generations. METHODS A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 383 samples were used for the final analysis after excluding 17 incomplete responses. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS It was found that (1) the performance expectancy, the effort expectancy, and the social influence had positive effects on behavioral intention; (2)the facilitating condition had negative effects on the use behavior; (3) the behavioral intention had positive impact on the use behavior. Moreover, the risk perception toward the COVID-19 infection did not have moderating impacts on the UTAUT model, whereas generational differences did. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the marketing strategy that improves exercise performance, convenience, and social influencing factors may be key to home training customers' behavioral intention and use behavior. Furthermore, home training material makers should recognize that the features and infrastructure required for the two generations are distinct and develop a separate marketing strategy for each.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the athletic identity of youth football players and to trace its changing trend. METHODS Participants of this study included 93 players in 2005 and 94 players in 2021, who were in middle and high schools. All participants answered open-ended questionnaires. After the results of the inductive content analysis, the changing trend of the results was assessed. RESULTS The athletic identity of youth football players were collected from 811 raw data samples collected in 2005 and 741 collected in 2021 and categorized into 19 sub-categories and 5 categories. The results show a tendency to be specific to football. The athletic identity of a football player itself is weakening, being replaced by the identity of being a student. The role of the camp is also weakening, while more privacy and autonomy are allowed to the players. As a result, efforts to secure the players’ right to study were accepted by the players, and expected to decrease as camp life with limited privacy is on the decline, and as senses toward one’s physical competence are changing. CONCLUSIONS Sociocultural contexts, including changes in the system and social modifications, are reflected in the football player's athletic identity and its changes. The athletic identity of youth football players has changed from its 2005 version of unacademic camp life with limited privacy to the 2021 version, where the player leaves camp to be provided with privacy and attend classes.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate changes in stress before and after elite shooting athletes participate in a match, and to find out the effect on the match score. METHODS Thirty-wight elite shooting athletes were sampled, questionnaires were distributed to measure psychological stress before and after the match, and saliva was collected before and after the match to measure cortisol. In addition, psychological stress and changes in cortisol before and after the game were investigated, and how psychological stress before and after the game and cortisol affect the score of the game were investigated. Accordingly, a statistical analysis based on data analysis was conducted, and the following research results were obtained. RESULTS The pre-match analysis of psychological stress and cortisol revealed statistically significant changes; both post-match stress and cortisol decreased compared to before the match. Increased psychological stress and cortisol both before and after the match had a negative effect on the match score. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed that shooters experience very strong psycho-physiological stress before the match, and the stronger the psychological stress, the lower the game score.
PURPOSE This study was to examine safety awareness of sports among university students. METHODS Total 1950 university students of 9 regions responded to questionnaires on safety awareness of sports with using simple random sampling. The date were analyzed by frequency analysis and Two-way ANOVA. RESULTS The results of this study werew as follows: Fistly, male students were experienced safety awareness education more than female students. In addition, the education of safety awareness of sports took place in sports field, but most of students did not aware of safety personnel. Secondly, university students thought that sports was not safe because sports facilities and equipments were not managed and they were worn out. Thirdly, they perceived sports safety was managed generally normal. Furthermore, they perceived the aging of facilities and equipments at sports sites was major factor in the occurrence of safety accidents. In order to reduce sports safety accidents, it is necessary to facilitate safety education of sports at government. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will be used as fundamental information to raise safety awareness in university students and to establish safe sports culture.
Purpose The goal of this study was to investigate the application effect of strength-based positive psychology intervention to elite archers. Methods Total of 20 elite archers participated in this study. Treatment group consisted of 10 elite archers participated in the strength-based positive psychology intervention for 8 weeks. Each individual responded the questionnaires in pre- and post-treatment sessions. Data were analyzed by repeated-measure ANOVA. Furthermore, archers participated in the program responded to in-depth interviews. Results According to the results, participants in strength-based positive psychology intervention showed that significantly increased strength knowledge, strength use, and optimism in the post–treatment compared to the pre-treatment session while control group did not show significant changes. In addition, archers perceived that there were positive effect on thinking ·coping and their self-confidence and self-esteem enhanced after participating the program. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that strength-based positive psychology intervention has positive impact on athlete’s wellbeing and perception of individuals strength and can be applicable to different sports field.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop the sport 5C scale of the Korean version. Methods The participants were 772 high school students from 17 to 19 who participated in sport regularly. The validation of Sport K-5C followed a three-step validation procedure through substantive stage, structural stage, and external stage. Results First, In the substantive stage, Sport K-5C consisted of 50 items with 5 factors. Second, in the structural stage, although Sport K-5C was explored as 24 items with 4 factors by EFA, but as a result of CFA, Sport K-5C was confirmed as 24 items with 5 factors. Third, the external stage provided additional validity through correlations of tests with other questionnaires which are similar concept and opposite concept, and group differentiation. Conclusions Sport K-5C is composed of 5 factors and 24 items. The factors are Caring, Character, Confidence, Competence, Connection. This scale can be used to provide an objective evaluation of positive development of youth in sport and physical education context.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to apply the Self-Assertiveness Training based on Solution-Focused to student-athletes caused by violence in sports. Methods Participants were five Taekwondo athletes in this study. They were consisted of offenders, a accuser, and a victim. The head coach of the team asked for counseling to resolve the conflict. Data was collected with quantitative, qualitative data, and group dynamics. The group counseling program was conducted for 90 minutes a week for eight weeks. Results The results are as follows. First, (application process) the 8-week Self-Assertiveness Training based on Solution-Focused was assessed to be applied step by step and systematically. Second, (qualitative evaluation) as a result of analyzing the observation journal and the interview data, the participants experienced the change of attitude and thought of group members in a short period of time by focusing on enhancing self-assertiveness. Third, (quantitative evaluation) self-assertiveness and attitude of school violence measured by questionnaires were higher in post-survey than pre-survey. In addition, participants' satisfaction with the program was found to be very positive. Discussions and Suggestions Self-Assertiveness Training based on Solution-Focused was found to have a significant effect on conflict resolution among the student-athletes who have experienced violence in sport. This programs was expected to increase the value of use in the sport field. Based on this case study, We suggested for future research.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among burnout, presenteeism, and coaching achievement perceived by athlete coaches in the sport field, and to identify the mediating effect of the presenteeism on the relationship between burnout and coaching achievement. Methods For this purpose, data were collected from 151 athlete coaches in South Korea through the survey. Measurement tools consisted of questionnaires on the coach’ burnout and presenteeism (SPS-13) that were designed in line with the research purpose. Collected data were analyzed using reliability testing, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and simple mediation effect test. Results First, burnout level perceived by coaches was positively related to presenteeism, and not associated with coaching achievement. And presenteeism negatively correlated with coaching achievement. Second, the burnout level of the coach was negatively related to the coaching achievement through the presenteeism, the mediating variable. Conclusions Burnout of the athletes' coaches in the sports field has been confirmed to decrease the coaching achievement by increasing the presentations which is the work impairment due to their health problems.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for spectators group of Taekwondo performance efficient marketing activities through market segmentation from characteristics, perceived values of the Taekwondo performance spectators. Methods The subjects of this research were Kukkiwon, Taekwondowon and 1,021 questionnaires were finally used for the analysis. The results of this research were drawn by frequency analysis, CFA(confirmatory factor analysis), reliability analysis, cluster analysis (hierarchical and K-means), cross-tabulation analysis and One-way ANOVA were used for data processing through SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. Results As results of the analysis, It was subdivided into three clusters (such as group of male college students, man group of low perceived value and high degreed women group of low pragmatism). Conclusions The significant differences of the characteristics and perceived value appeared from each cluster. Cluster 1: A group of male college students, and the highest perceived value for Taekwondo performance. Cluster 2: A group of male, and a low perceived value for Taekwondo performance. Cluster 3: A group of high degreed women and a low pragmatism of perceived value. Therefore, a practical marketing strategy was needed for each groups.
