Purpose This study examines the Physical Education curriculum history of special schools, and then in-depth grasps the process of how the sports environment for the disabled has changed by age. Method The research method was literature review analyzing papers, reports and newspapers. For the concrete process, this study verified the relationship between the research subject and the collected data through experts and historians with disabilities to verify the sports data for the disabled. Results First, the process of physical education management of special schools is as follows. in the 1940's and 50's special schools, physical education was carried out simply by gymnastics. but, special schools were differentiated by the characteristics of the disabled, and the institutional foundation for physical education was also imitated by the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, special schools were shortened in physical education time due to the increase in the number of courses and the strengthening of disability coping programs. in the 1990s, as special sports curriculum was established, customized prescription for students with disabilities was implemented. Second, the process of changing disability sports is as follows. In the 1960s and 1970s, disability sports were mainly focused on special schools, while in the 1980s, disability sports were expanded by the government. in particular, the hosting of the 88 Seoul Olympics and Seoul Paralympics provides an opportunity to equip the disabled with a system, organization and facilities. in the 1990s disability sports was meaningful in terms of academic progress, and with the quantitative growth of the 1980s and the academic foundations of the 1990s, disability sports in the 2000s provided a legal basis and improved welfare conditions for the disabled. In the future, it is necessary to find a way to solve the value of physical education for the disabled more reasonably.
PURPOSE This study sought to explore elementary school (ES) teachers' avoidance of teaching model-based instruction (MBI) in physical education (PE) lessons. METHODS An open-ended questionnaire (n=93) and three focus group interviews (FGI ) were conducted with seven ES teachers. The collected data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis procedures (Strauss & Corbin, 1997). RESULTS Accordingly, we derived a grounded theory paradigm model composed of the core phenomenon (ES teacher’s avoidance of MBI in PE lessons), causal conditions (traditional difficulties of Elementary PE lessons, mismatch between MBI and ES teachers/PE lessons, lack of experience and teacher knowledge for/in MBI), contextual conditions (complex instructor organization, powerful trend of play), intervening conditions (value orientation for fun-focused PE, misunderstanding about PE curriculum), interactive strategies (focus on screening physical activities, preparing for PE lessons with YouTube rather than teacher guide book), and results (learner inclusive effects and de-curricularization). CONCLUSIONS ES teachers’ avoidance of MBI in PE lessons is a result of several reported problems with elementary PE lessons and is likely to be a recurring problem in the future. To encourage ES teachers’ MBI in PE lessons, efforts should be made to build practical knowledge of model use in pre- and in-service teacher education.
PURPOSE This study analyzed research on physical activities for elementary school students 1st and 2nd-graders to explore teachers’ perceptions and instructional practices in physical activity classes. METHODS Twelve studies published in academic journals conducted between 2000 to 2022 were selected for analysis. RESULTS The research articles were categorized into three domains: perception of physical activity in lower grades, operational features, and factors influencing practices from a didactic perspective. Challenges identified include dilemmas between curriculum documents and actual practice, a lack of practical teaching expertise, and a teaching culture discouraging physical activity in lower grades. Operational patterns were restructured into “avoidance-style classes,” “ad-hoc classes,” “textbook-dependent classes,” and “textbook-reorganization classes.” Factors influencing physical education for early elementary students included “teacher support factors,” “environmental factors,” and “administrative factors.” CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study advocates for policies that systematically improve perception, administration, and support classes for activating physical activities in lower elementary school students. The findings suggest the need for strategies such as adapting integrated curricula, creating training programs and educational materials, ongoing professional development activities for teachers, and specific research focused on physical activities for lower grade elementary students.
PURPOSE This study analyzed the KSPO women’s sports leadership program and foreign cases to suggest policy proposals. METHODS A literature review was conducted involving official webpage of the programs, related technical reports, media resources, and academic articles collected from international and domestic research databases. RESULTS The major results are as follows: (1) The curriculum of current program should be examined and reconstructed to achieve the intended purpose. (2) Since selfawareness is a key factor in demonstrating effective leadership, implementing selfawareness training program should be considered. (3) Mentoring is regarded to be an effective tool in promoting women leadership; therefore, establishing sustainable women mentoring program is required. CONCLUSIONS Despite several limitations, this paper is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to review and analyze the KSPO women’s sports leadership program comparing foreign cases for the purpose of seeking improvement. As women’s leadership in the field of sport would become even more important in the future, this program should be redesigned to be able to train and nurture leaders so that they can progress to the higher level of decision making in sport organizations.
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) motion data produced through artificial intelligence-based user motion recognition technology with images obtained using a smartphone monocular camera. This was done to explore the possibility of developing an application that can improve the reliability of the measurement of physical activity performing motions and feedback provision. METHODS To check the accuracy of the artificial intelligence-based 3D motion analysis system that utilized a semi-supervised learning method, a commercialized 3D infrared motion analysis system measured and compared motions on three movement planes, motions with limited joint movement, and fast motions in a wide moving range. RESULTS The motions on the coronal and sagittal planes produced through the 3D motion analysis application showed very high measurement accuracy; however, the accuracy of the measurement of motions on the horizontal plane, which could not be measured directly with a camera, was relatively lower than that of the coronal and sagittal planes. Accuracy in measuring 3D motion was moderate in moving motions and low in motions with limited joint movement. CONCLUSIONS For the developed 3D motion analysis system to be used in online physical education, the types of physical activities included in the program should be comprehensively composed through the analysis of the content system of the physical education curriculum and the resultant physical activities.
Purpose Philosophical inquiries into physical education and sport pedagogy(PESP) have not been active until lately. A renewed interested has grown as scholars in UK and European countries have begun philosophical analysis since 2000. This study purports to review the philosophical studies in PESP during the last 50 years, and to forecast the future of SP in Korea based on its strength and weakness. Methods Literature review is adopted as the main method, as the philosophical study requires the conceptual analysis on the ideas. The past research, current main studies and future prospects are analyzed according to the three layers of the professional, the theoretical, and the personal dimensions. Results First, in the professional dimension, the philosophical inquiry by the SP philosophers and the educational inquiry by the sport philosophers are identified. Second, in the theoretical dimension, the exploration on the nature of research in PESP, the suggestions of PE models, the examination of teaching-learning in PE, the promotion of teacher/coach education and professional development, and the analysis of PE curriculum issues and policies are actively produced. Third, in the personal dimension, the practitioner research by PE teacher/professor/coach and the self-study of sport coaches have are begun to be conducted. Conclusions For the prospect of PESP in Korea, it can be said that study in the first dimension would not be bright, where as those of the second and the third would be very good for the near future.
The purpose of this study was to identify the structure of knowledge in Sport Pedagogy field. Using bibliometric and social network analysis this study analyzed the keywords and citations appeared in Korean Journal of Sport Pedagogy and Korean Journal of Sport Science during 2006-2015 period. Total of 341 research papers which include 1301 keywords and 14826 citation were analyzed utilizing social network analysis as well as keywords frequency analysis, keyword co-occurrence, citation and co-ictation analysis. Results of this study showed that teaching, curriculum, and teacher education were three central theme in Sport pedagogy field. Key words such as physical activity, PE teacher, action research, and after school sport club activity were prominent research interests for scholard in the field. Quadradic Assignment Procedure analysis showed major research interests has not been changed between two periods of 2006-2010 and 2011-2015. Choi(2010)'s and You(2007)' books were most cited individual work and have influenced sport pedagogy researchers over the five years.
The purpose of this study was to explore Physically Activity Lifestyle pattern & constraints of high school girl in city, and then to propose P.A. promotional ways. I used International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long version and accelerometer to examine outline of P.A. pattern, and photo-voice as qualitative research techniques. The results were as followings. First, sedentary lifestyles of students in G girls' high school was terrible. Accelerometer was said that their inactive time were about 92.4%, however their moderate to vigorous time about 0.76% of the total time of a week. And, school domain of four domains(school, transportation, leisure, domestic chores) were the most active domain of all. Second, P.A. constraints were analyzed as 'because of something no'(time, effort, will, space, physical skills and person) and 'because of something'(smart phone, car, gaze, rules). The key cause were a shortage of time caused by academic based on school curriculum, sedentary leisure and transportation culture. Lastly, I proposed high school girl' P.A. promotional ways in basis of social ecological model.
The importance of a health problem is emphasized in youth. Unfortunately, healthy activity physical education is not well utilized and is not popularly being researched. In order to improve these problems, this study attempted to explore the validity and applicability of SPARK program by designing and practicing the SPARK based P.E. classes. This study employed a mixed method research method based on a qualitative research strategy. Physical activity and physical fitness level were measured by accelerometers and FITNESSGAM. Additionally, empirical data were collected and analyzed by both Photovoice technique and recording. Findings of this study were divided into designing and practicing perspectives. First of all, the PE classes based on SPARK program was designed by 2009 national physical education curriculum and studies associated with the SPARK program. Further, I attempted to specify teaching strategy for enhancing physical activity level, power of execution and motivation. Second, PE class which has higher physical activity level, more participation and achievement, and successful fulfillment were emerged as consequences. Based on the study results, I discussed the validity and applicability of Physical Fitness based SPARK program and proposed suggestions for future studies.
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze research trends in physical education within small schools from 1992 to the present, offering insights and directions for future research in this domain. METHODS To achieve this objective, we gathered data from 22 domestic journals utilizing keywords such as “small school,” “combined class,” “farming and fishing village,” “physical education,” and “sports.” Subsequently, the collected data encompassing topics, keywords, methods, subjects, and research areas, were organized using Excel. We employed the Word-Cloud program for the analysis of frequency by period and subject words by period. RESULTS Trends in physical education within small schools were categorized into three primary aspects: subject, method, and research area. Firstly, concerning research topics, the predominant focus centered on the application of teaching and learning as well as the curriculum management, with less emphasis on pre-service and incumbent teachers. Secondly, research methods shifted from quantitative to qualitative approaches starting in the 2000s. However, the utilization of qualitative research methods displayed limited diversity. Lastly, we analyzed the research area by classifying it into the region where the research subject is situated and the region to which the researcher belongs. The Gyeongsang and Gangwon regions constituted the majority in both categories, with over half of the researchers hailing from Gyeongbuk. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the growing necessity for research into physical activity within small schools, given the increasing proportion of such institutions. It offers valuable insights for future research endeavors in the realm of physical activity within small schools.
