Purpose Lock and Heere (2017) argued that two different theories of social identity theory(SIT) and role identity theory have been used in previous studies of team identification. However, they failed to provide why such phenomenon existed in the literature of team identification. Thus, the first purpose of the study is to provide the possible reasons why the two theories were used as the ground of team identification in the previous literature. In addition, the current study examined whether team identification was properly developed from SIT by incorporating the cases of organizational identification and consumer-company identification in business literature. Results & Conclusion There are two possible explanations on why the two theories have been used in team identification studies. First, in the initial studies of team identification, theoretical ground of team identification was lacking. Thus, without a firm theoretical guidelines, authors might have used the two theories as the ground of team identification. Second, as previous literature noted, the two theories are like the two different sides of a single theory. Thus, authors may have not recognized the need of differentiating the two theories and used the two theories as the ground of team identification. This study also examined whether team identification was properly developed from SIT. The social category in team identification includes two different social identities(team members and fans), which is quite different from a social category with single identity in it. The locus of social category of team was arbitrarily expanded to include fans in the same category. This case is quite similar with consumer-company identification in marketing literature. Future study needs to examine whether the locus of social category can be expanded to include two different social identities.
PURPOSE This study aimed to prove the mediator effect of skill level on participation frequency and injury level of leisure sports players with the highest injury rate. METHODS Raw data of the “2019 Sports Safety accident data” conducted by the Korea Sports Safety Foundation were used for this study. We analyzed 857 leisure sports players participating in events with the top four highest injury rates (Basketball, Soccer, Baseball/Softball, Foot Volleyball). Frequency, descriptive statistics, and correlation analyses using SPSS version 27.0 and Process macro model 4 were employed for analysis. RESULTS The results regarding participation frequency, injury severity, and skill level among recreational athletes are as follows. First, a positive correlation was established between the participation frequency of recreational athletes and their skill levels. Second, the correlation between participation frequency and injury severity was observed only in soccer and basketball. Third, skill level plays a mediating role in the relationship between participation frequency and injury level. The results indicate that as the participation frequency among leisure sports players who participate in ball sports with a high injury rate increases, this affects the degree of injury. CONCLUSIONS Skill level appears to play a mediating role in the relationship between participation frequency and injury level. Based on the results, we recommend safety education not only on the relationship between participation frequency and injury level, but also the intermediary role of skill level.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out whether they can contribute to the revitalization of urban communities. Methods This study conducted in-depth interviews and focus group interviews to collect qualitative data. The collected data were analyzed through the domain analysis and the classification analysis. Results The roles of sports club managers in leadership and network intermediaries were very important in the accumulation of social capital. The formation of staff members who work for the managing and activating sports clubs has created trust and satisfaction with the sport. Their activities contributed to the formation of social capital in sports clubs and played an important role in revitalizing sports clubs. Conclusions Sports club managers performed important roles in building trust and network with the club members and even other clubs through their leadership. These management activities are possibly contributed to the creation and accumulation as social capital. Therefore this research also showed the possibilities of extension to local community of the social capital through sports clubs.
The purpose of this study was to find out what experiences pre-service physical education teachers have before, during and after student teaching along with teacher educational meanings in the experiences. The subjects of this study were 7 senior students in department of physical education of B university located in A city. The data were collected through daily records of student teaching and in-depth interview(group and individual). The collected data were analyzed using the methods of Smith & Kinsella(2009) and Spradley(1980). The analysis showed expectation for learning(knowledge, skills, behavior) and realization(feeling, stimulation, awareness) before student teaching, fight and compromise with 'me'(body, spirit, life), 'you'(teacher, student) and 'it'(instruction, environment, episode) during student teaching, and regret of 'instruction'(plan, execution, evaluation), 'relationship'(forming, maintaining, improving) and 'role'(teacher, attitude, sense of calling) after student teaching. These characteristics were discussed in 4 aspects of educational meanings including seeking essence, seeking forms, seeking roles and seeking status. Lastly, the study suggested unification of student teaching contents, introduction of exclusive teacher system for student teaching, establishment of evaluation system for student teaching program and development of field ability strengthening program available to connect with student teaching in physical education.
PURPOSE This study presents policy implications for a Korean sports commission’s introduction and the strategies to realize it. METHODS As an important policy tool, a sports commission system attracts large-scale sports events, revitalizes local economies, and promotes the sports industry’s sustainable development. Such an introduction’s necessity and direction were explored through analysis of overseas cases and interviews with experts. First, the study examined the concept of a sports commission system, along with major overseas cases and derived policy implications to present a model suitable for Korea’s reality. RESULTS Introduction of a sports commission system requires reorganization of legal and administrative systems, strengthening the public-private cooperation model, convergence with the local tourism industry, and customized operation tailored to regional characteristics. In addition, future research directions include evaluating the system’s effectiveness after its introduction, operating customized commissions for each region, and developing sustainable models. CONCLUSIONS The results provide policy guidelines for successful introduction of the Korean sports commission system and can play an important role in establishing a foundation for development of the future sports industry and local economy. Furthermore, establishment of a comprehensive mid-to-long-term plan, including criteria for regional selection, organizational structure, and role distribution, should be prerequisite to introducing the system.
PURPOSE This study seeks to explore the subjectivity regarding leisure constraints perceived by college student-athletes. METHODS Based on Q methodology as an analysis framework, 25 Q-samples and 25 P-samples suitable for the research purpose were selected, and Q-classification and Q-factor analysis were conducted. RESULTS The leisure constraints were categorized into “Type Ⅰ: Psychological constraints,” “Type Ⅱ: Financial constraints,” and “Type Ⅲ: Spatio-temporal constraints.” The three types provided discussions on “strong athlete identity of student-athletes,” “role conflict between students and athletes,” “core competencies of student-athletes,” “current student-athlete support project,” and “school sports camp training.” CONCLUSIONS College student-athletes’ leisure constraints are closely related to strong athlete identity, anxiety about enjoying leisure, cost burden, and closedness of camp training, and each type provided new perspectives on discussions related to Korean student-athletes.
PURPOSE This study developed and tested a theoretical research model delineating the relationships between sports consumers’ team identity and their response to regional identity, sense of community, and community contributions. METHODS To achieve the purpose of this study, a total of 1,196 spectators who attended professional baseball games were surveyed. For the data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminate validity, and composite reliability were performed to confirm the validity and reliability of the scale through AMOS 24.0. Research model and hypothesis testing were conducted using structural equation modeling, which used data from ten different professional baseball team area contexts. RESULTS The results provide empirical evidence of the positive influence of sports consumers’ regional identity and sense of community on team identity toward community contributions in sporting event area contexts. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the role of regional identity and sense of community in building professional sports team identities and community contributions.
As an attempt to think about the popularization of Korean sport history, this paper discusses three main things. First, it will be introduced what public/popular history is, how it has been developed, and why it is important to history as an academic discipline. Second, it will be summarized how sport historian embraced public/popular history into their practices in terms of what theoretical, critical, and methodological aspects they have focused. Third, I will discus why public/popular history is useful in the ways in which Korean sport history envisions its popularization in Korean society. To be more specific, I highlight two ideas: an insight for understanding sport history as a process and sport historiansʼ role of critic. Based upon these two, I will argue that Korean sport historians might need to actively embrace practices of public/popular history into their studies of the Korean sporting past.
PURPOSE Players’ nonverbal behavior during a game may be expressed through selfregulatory and intentional processes, where nonverbal cues are strategically used to achieve specific outcomes. This study aimed to observe and explore the strategic and intentional nonverbal behaviors utilized by table tennis players. METHODS The study utilized a grounded theory methodology and involved purposeful sampling of ten adult table tennis players. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding techniques. RESULTS The findings revealed that players’ intentional nonverbal behaviors are influenced by their confidence levels, physical condition, and perceptions of others’ nonverbal cues. Throughout this process, players underwent various emotional experiences, worked to maintain a positive mental state, and experienced changes in both their behaviors and psychological states, which impacted the flow of the game. CONCLUSIONS This study’s results provide valuable insights into the role of intentional nonverbal behaviors utilized by athletes during competitions. This suggests that understanding and incorporating intentional nonverbal behavior should be a key consideration in sports psychology counseling and psychological skills training.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the student-athlete and student peer mentoring program as a collegiate class. METHODS The peer mentoring program, conducted at A University in the first semester of the 2023 school year, was evaluated using practical action research (Zuber-Skeritt, 1996). RESULTS In the introduction stage, ‘relative and absolute evaluation’, ‘member ratio’, and ‘definition of professor role’ were categorized as challenge issues. In the progress stage, ‘de-formalized lecture method’, ‘student athlete’s coaching experience’, and ‘student’s experience of football culture’ were discovered as possibilities, while ‘vacancy and absence of mentor-mentee’, ‘limited group activities and limitations of team sports’, and ‘lack of objective evaluation’ required improvement. At the end stage, student-athletes experienced changes in values such as self-identity, football, and human relationships, as well as quantitative and qualitative changes in sports participation. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the potential of the peer mentoring program as a collegiate class as well as its practical significance for guaranteeing student-athletes' learning rights and for forming sports culture on collegiate campuses.
