PURPOSE Through analysis, this study reports on occurrences of children and adolescents’ sports accidents and presents measures to prevent, cope with, and manage school sports accidents. METHODS The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, a frequency analysis was conducted using 284,429 safety accident data of the School Safety and Insurance Association (SSIA). Second, the inductive analysis method was applied to in-depth interviews conducted with eight teachers. RESULTS , accidents are characterized as follows: 1) At the school level, accidents have increased significantly every year in a large proportion of elementary and middle schools. 2) The span of time spent on sports was large. 3) Accidents happened at playgrounds and auxiliary facilities. 4) Accidents happened during kindergarten play and ball sports in schools. 5) The descending order of days with the most accidents was Thursday, Tuesday, Friday, Wednesday, Monday, Saturday, and Sunday. 6) Rather than a certain month, accidents happened across the school semester. 7) Most accidents occurred from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Second, field teachers’ stories were categorized into the following topics. 1) School accidents can occur anytime, anywhere. Whether mild or serious, they still had the burden of inevitable accidents. 2) Required: were prompt response and handling by appropriate teachers; timely treatment and recovery cost support; also procedurally simplified handling by SSIA was helpful. 3) Avoiding accidents requires the following:: regular operation of safety education programs; daily promotion of teachers’ preventive observation and close guidance; and active role reinforcement of SSIA and policy support. CONCLUSIONS Finally, measures to prevent, cope with, and manage school safety accidents were proposed.
This study was to identify the structure of sports drop-out of athletes considering cognition, emotion and situational motivation, and to develop the measurement of sport drop-out motivation. For this, the validity of internal structure and relationship with overall drop-out intention were examined by targeting 689 individuals and team athletes. The results were as follows: Sports drop-out motivation was verified two hierarchical structure. One is individual internal factor including loss of interest, overtraining, loss of confidence, the other is environmental external factor including home environment, career anxiety, academic slump. The female players have higher drop-out motivation level than male players, and the drop-out motivation was shown the difference by level of school. Also, loss of interest and confidence weres to predict overall drop-out intention well. Therefore, this study was found this measurement was able to reliably predict drop-out motivation among players.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the current injury status and traits, including damage area, cause of damage based on the situation, and type of occurrence by age group for middle and high schools, university, and professional athletes, in record competition sports (swimming, track and field, and weightlifting). METHODS The study included 503 athletes enrolled in the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee in 2020, and an online survey was conducted using the R statistical program. RESULTS Approximately 38.4% athletes suffered injuries with weightlifting (0.81 times at university) and weightlifting (7.02 times at university) during training. The lower extremities were the most affected areas in all age groups (53.8% in middle school, 48.6% in high school, 44.4% in university, and 47.4% in professional). The causes of damage found to occur most frequently were ‘lack of physical strength, overuse or lack of rest, and recurrence’ and external factors, including ‘facility programs and weather problems.’ The results showed that internal factors during training were mostly associated with ‘overuse or lack of rest and excessive attempts at skills’, while external factors were found to occur in ‘weather problems’. According to the classification of each event, the top priority of frequent damage according to the damaged area was skin bleeding of the head in swimming and muscle inflammation in the torso and upper and lower extremities. Track and field resulted in muscle inflammation in the head, torso, and upper and lower extremities. Weightlifting caused damage to the head and torso, resulted in spinal diseases (disc, spinal stenosis, etc.), and muscle inflammation in the upper and lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted changes in the training environment and training environment, including level-specific physical training, reinforcement programs, scientific access to specific skills, sufficient rest and recovery, and continuous improvement of facilities and equipment.
Purpose This study conducted legal, institutional and pedagogical consideration on C0rule in Korean collegiate sport. Methods (1) Systematically examined the unconstitutional elements of C0rule in terms of the basic rights of student-athletes, and (2) reviewed pedagogical validity in terms of higher education, college credit system and physical education. Results First, C⁰rule adopted the result (the credit) of the uniform education as the standard of sanctions. Providing discriminatory educational opportunities according to academic credit is regarded as the infringement of equal rights. Second, since the college sports league is the only place to prepare for vocational education and employment for student-athletes, restricting their opportunities according to the credit is also against the freedom of happiness and choice of profession. Third, C0 credit, the minimum standard, overlooked purpose and level of higher education and rigorous evaluation. Last, C0rule has resulted in overlooking the academic significance and status of college education, especially physical education. Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it brought the subjects to discourse field and provided opportunities to review the fundamental problem of the school sport and the basic rights of student-athletes. At the present stage of the transition of the school sport system due to the introduction of various regulatory systems, we should be careful about oligopoly and unilateral flow of knowledge and production of other alienation.
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effective and pragmatic idea regarding the development of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs in China. These programs share both similarities and differences in China and Korea, and they are also discussed here. METHODS Six universities reflecting the regional specificities of Korea and China were selected following consultation with experts. Data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participatory observation, literature, and local documents were analyzed and interpreted by using the comparative analysis research method. RESULTS First, when comparing the curriculum, which was divided into liberal arts, major, and teaching subjects in both countries, the ratio of liberal arts and teaching subjects was similar in Korea following major subjects. As for China, major subjects came in first, followed by liberal arts and teaching subjects. Second, the relative pros and cons of preliminary sports teacher education in Korea and China were aimed at nurturing competent sports experts with both expertise and personality. They were generally similar in terms of content dimensions; however, they were found to be different in several areas. Particularly in the case of China regarding the teaching subject, practical subjects that were of pragmatic help to the school field were found to be relatively insufficient. Third, the implications for improving China's preliminary PETE were to emphasize the importance of personality in educational goals at the goal level, and as for the content level, it was necessary to replaced them with classes that could be of pragmatic use in the existing teaching method. Furthermore, at the methodological level, professional training of physical education teachers should be proposed, training them to cultivate character. Finally, more positive changes can be pursued if efforts at the environmental level are well-matched and improved. CONCLUSIONS To improve China's preliminary PETE program, it is necessary to enhance the environment and institutions using various teaching methods to cultivate expertise, such as practical aspects of university-field linkage and preliminary teacher personality education.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine students’ perceptions of girls’ participation in physical education(PE) in elementary schools and examine the impacts of a girl-friendly integrated program on children’s participation in PE classes. Methods The participants were 10 fifth graders (5 girls and 5 boys) and their teacher in an elementary school. Data which were collected from in-depth interviews with students, students’ journal entries, field observation, and teacher’s reflective journal entries were analyzed inductively. Results Findings revealed that boys perceived girls’ participation as passive, possessing a low level of skills, and staying at the peripheral position. Meanwhile girls expressed their desire to demonstrate their strengths in PE classes and were afraid of boys’ criticism regarding their lack of skills. There were also misconceptions and misunderstanding on girls’ PE participation between boys and girls. In order to resolve these issues, a girls-friendly integrative program was designed. based on the four guiding principles drawn from students’ perception: (1) from ignorance to interest, (2) from misunderstanding to understanding, (3) from sport skills to sport values, and (4) from competition to cooperation. The program integrated boys and girls for promoting active interaction and also integrated competence, knowledge, and dispositions to accommodate students’ various ways of PE participation. Findings revealed that the program had: (1) diversified students’ perceptions of PE participation, (2) promoted students’ diverse and active participation, and (3) established classroom atmosphere which emphasized positive values.
This study was to identify the structure of anger behavior that athletes illustrated in competitions. In order to achieve research purpose, 167 high school, college, and professional athletes responded to open questionnaires. Targeting 541 players, the structural validity of psychological measurement was verified. As a result of analyzing the sources of anger behaviors during matches, four factors of anger-out, anger-in, anger control, and anger-helplessness were deduced. Afterwards, the validity of 4 factor-model was verified through correlation analysis with trait anger and verification of group differences. That is, the level of trait anger had a positive relationship with expression of anger-out and anger-helplessness while it had a negative relationship with anger-in and anger-control. Especially, the behavioral aspect such as anger-helplessness is a structure that has not been found in other criteria of anger behavior and it reflects the uniqueness of sports situation. Based on such results, the significance of sport anger behavior and implications were discussed.
The purpose of this study which is follow up study of Lee and Kim(2015b)'s was to analyse error sources and estimation of reliability in peer review of forced connection method-sportscasting by applying generalizability theory. Generalizability theory quantify error sources of the data measured under certain specific situation set by the researchers. It is an analysis method that the relative influences of each error sources taking from score is determined(G-study), and the effective measurement condition future applicable is provided(D-study). Participants were 10th high school students(N=216). Data were collected from student's peer review results and analyzed using univariate and multivariate generalizability theory. Results showed that error source for video have a more significant impact than other error sources. But the result by analyzing the gender difference was that error source for the interaction of video and participants have a more significant impact than other error source in the case of girls. Peer review used in this study showed high generalizability coefficient and even when reducing the number of video or participants it can maintain the adequate reliability. But generalizability coefficient of boys was higher than girls and specific measurement conditions leading to enhanced reliability were different when analyzing by gender difference. Also, method of analysis which cannot reflect measurement conditions properly estimates the reliability excessive. Discussions were provided in term of the relative influences of each error sources, the effective measurement condition maintaining the Generalizability coefficient of a certain level, and the comparison the Generalizability coefficient with the way of estimation traditional reliability applying univariate and multivariate Generalizability theory taking from score in peer review of forced connection method-sportscasting.
This study aims to identify the characteristics of character education contained in National Physical Education Curriculum in terms of contents and construction, problems and limitation, and improvement plans by analyzing character texts such as the concept, expression mode, and context of character in goals, contents, teaching and learning methods, and evaluation of Physical Education Curriculum in accordance with the 2009 Revised National Curriculum. For criteria of analysis, character and character education were defined in a conditioning manner in terms of emotion, sociality, and morality, which grasped the implication based on the concept, meaning, and context of character text by using content analysis. The character education of National Physical Education Curriculum has currently compensated the concept of creativity‧character, and core competency as of the 2007 National Physical Education Curriculum, defining the concept of character as desirable personality, sociality, and morality, and setting up self management ability and interpersonal relationship ability as category. However, herein identified were ambiguity of the meaning between character and other concepts and ambiguity of the meaning boundary of detailed virtue in the concept of character in terms of the concept and the range of character, insufficiency of school-level systemicity and sequence between curriculum items in terms of character text selection and organization, and deficiency of the character education principles of physical education and practical teaching and learning methods of it in terms of character education methods. For next revision of National PE Curriculum, a full consideration is required for providing principles of teaching and learning methods on character and evaluation cases based on research on conceptualization of physical character, research on suitability and sequence of content subsystem of character, and cases of field practice.
