There has been a growing advocacy for a critical approach to physical education teacher education(PETE) in the era of globalization and ubiquitous society. Drawing on critical pedagogy, the purpose of this paper was to explore the meanings and methods for developing critical professionalism in PETE through identifying the definitions and features of critical professionalism. The notion of critical professionalism includes four crucial components: critical reflection, social sensitivity, critical thinking, and practicability. This paper suggests an inquiry-oriented physical education teacher education to develop per-service teachers’ critical professionalism in terms of providing a range of teaching methods centered on microteaching, discussion-based lessons, critical reading and writing, and using media materials. Building on findings, it was concluded that there is a need of programs for the development of policy literacy understanding complex social and cultural contexts of school physical education. Furthermore, PETE should focus on the processes of critical reflection on the teaching and learning act itself within wider social contexts, by using an inquiry-oriented approach to PETE, which will contribute to fostering teachers’ critical capacities needed to guard the educational aims of physical education against political interference.
PURPOSE The current study examined how baseball fans evaluate a robot umpire from the perspective of the human-robot interaction. In particular, this study examined whether baseball fans evaluated more positively a robot umpire depending on whether a robot or a human umpire has the final authority to make ball-strike decisions, when the ball-strike decision contradicts with each other. Furthermore, the different types of expertise (baseball vs. image analysis) embedded in robot umpire and fans’ levels of technology adoption were used to examine the relationship between umpire type and evaluations of robot umpire. METHODS This study used 2 (final decision maker: robot vs. human umpire) by 2 (different types of expertise embedded in robot umpire: baseball vs. image analysis) by 2 (different levels of technology adoption: low vs. high) between-subjects design. RESULTS The results indicated that when a robot umpire had the final authority to make ball-strike decisions, baseball fans evaluated more positively the adoption of robot umpire, when image analysis expertise was embedded in the robot umpire rather than baseball expertise. Meanwhile, baseball fans evaluated more positively the adoption of robot umpire when baseball expertise was embedded in a robot umpire rather than image analysis expertise. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides meaningful implications regarding how to design an effective system for the operation of robot umpire in baseball.
PURPOSE Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for home training, with exercises or workouts at home, has steadily increased. As a result, the popularity of home training YouTube content, which shows how to use exercise equipment or workouts without professional influence, has also increased. Therefore, this study focused on the characteristics of YouTube home training content (specialization, diversity, and interaction), personal health awareness, exercise awareness, and expectation-confirmation model to identify which required exercise continuation intention through YouTube home training. METHODS SPSS and AMOS software were used to conduct frequency, reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as to conduct correlation analysis and construct a structural equation model. RESULTS First, health and exercise awareness had a positive effect on confirmation. Second, among the characteristics of home training content, only specialization had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Third, confirmation had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and viewing satisfaction, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on viewing satisfaction and exercise continuation intention, and viewing satisfaction had a positive effect on exercise continuation intention, which proved the expectation-confirmation model in this study. CONCLUSIONS To increase exercise continuation intention through home training YouTube content, creators need to produce professional content that can stimulate viewers' internal motivation.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate sports commentators’ public confidence by the difference between media recipients’ expected level on the public confidence and their perceived outcomes, and to investigate how such characteristics are perceived by media recipients. The questionnaires were given out to people in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, who have experience of having watched the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. The samples were collected by snowball sampling method and a total of 218 questionnaires were chosen as final validity sample. For data analysis, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, paired t-test, importance-performance analysis (IPA), PROXSCAL analysis, and a multiple regression analysis were done by using PASW 21.0. The derived results are as follows: First, according to results from IPA analysis, the Quadrant I is a status-quo area, which is inclusive of the professionalism of KBS and SBS commentators. The Quadrant Ⅱ is a concentrated effort-oriented area, which includes dynamics of KBS and SBS commentators, and professionalism and dynamics of MBS commentators. The Quadrant Ⅲ is an inferiority ranking area, which contains popularity of KBS and SBS commentators, and reliability of MBC commentators. The Quadrant Ⅳ is a rejection of overexertion area, which incorporates reliability of KBS and SBS commentators and popularity of MBC commentators. Second, according to results from MDS analysis in terms of the characteristics of public confidence, an order of KBS>SBS>MBC appeared in the fields of professionalism, reliability and dynamics, and an order of KBS>MBC>SBS appeared in popularity.
PURPOSE This study analyzed research on physical activities for elementary school students 1st and 2nd-graders to explore teachers’ perceptions and instructional practices in physical activity classes. METHODS Twelve studies published in academic journals conducted between 2000 to 2022 were selected for analysis. RESULTS The research articles were categorized into three domains: perception of physical activity in lower grades, operational features, and factors influencing practices from a didactic perspective. Challenges identified include dilemmas between curriculum documents and actual practice, a lack of practical teaching expertise, and a teaching culture discouraging physical activity in lower grades. Operational patterns were restructured into “avoidance-style classes,” “ad-hoc classes,” “textbook-dependent classes,” and “textbook-reorganization classes.” Factors influencing physical education for early elementary students included “teacher support factors,” “environmental factors,” and “administrative factors.” CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study advocates for policies that systematically improve perception, administration, and support classes for activating physical activities in lower elementary school students. The findings suggest the need for strategies such as adapting integrated curricula, creating training programs and educational materials, ongoing professional development activities for teachers, and specific research focused on physical activities for lower grade elementary students.
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the difficult realities, unresolved problems, and policy proposals of disability sports in Korea through the disability sports movies <Mal-aton> and <Glove>. METHODS We conducted a textual analysis from the perspective of critical theory. RESULTS The problems of Korean disabled sports revealed in the films <Mal-aton> and <Glove> could be cattegorized into three major issues: 'incorrect prejudice and indifference' of non-disabled people that disabled people will not be able to enjoy sports; 'sports facilities' where non-disabled people are prioritized and disabled people are marginalized, and the 'absence of sports facilities' specialized for disabled people; and the 'lack of leaders' who correctly understand the characteristics of the disabled. These have been pointed out as causes that keep them away from the natural right to enjoy sports. CONCLUSIONS The films <Mal-aton> (2005) and <Glove> (2011) were made based on true stories, and despite the fact that more than 10 years have passed since they were made, it remains a sad reality that the problems of Korean disabled sports shown in the films remain unresolved. Improvement measures in various aspects are required to promote sports for the disabled from the perspective of lifelong and adapted sports, such as media education and publicity that can eliminate misunderstanding and prejudice against people with disabilities, building sports facilities tailored to the disabled, and improving the treatment of sports instructors for the disabled.
Purpose The purpose of this study lies in: 1) clarifying what constitutes coaching ethics; 2) providing a theory to set up a coaching ethics in Korea; 3) and offer a direction to coaching ethics based on its normative traits. Methods In order to achieve this purpose, the following has been done: 1) a review of existing literature has been done to analyze the relationship between professionalism and ethics in coaching and explicate the concept and necessity of coaching ethics; 2) an effort has been made to answer such questions as “why and how much should a coach be ethical?”; “How should a coach be ethically evaluated?”; 3) An analysis of ethical responsibility embedded in coaching has been done, focusing on four ethical theories: Kantian categorical imperative, Aristotelian phronesis, Simon’s broad internalism, and Morgan’s conventionalism. Results This study reviews prior literature considering the relationship between professionalism and ethics in coaching and offers theoretical evidence to explain coaching ethics and its normative aspect. This will help resolve complicated ethical predicaments arising in the field. Conclusions This study emphasizes the role of coaches to improve fairness and wholesomeness in the field of sport, as well as suggests a coaching ethics required of a profession with internal regulations. Coaching ethics not only increases a sense of responsibility on the part of coaches but helps create a virtuous circle in which coaches’ ethical sensibility is reproduced in athletes as well. All in all, coaching ethics can stop important qualities of sport from deteriorating due to commercialism and the winner-takes-all attitude prevalent in sport today and contribute to a fair and wholesome sporting culture.
PURPOSE This study aims to provide policy recommendations for the development of women’s football and the enhancement of the Women’s University Football League (WUFL) by examining participant satisfaction and meaningfulness of football. METHODS To achieve this goal, we distributed survey questionnaires, including 5-point Likert scale and open-ended questions, and subsequently analyzed 153 responses using qualitative data analysis software, N-vivo. RESULTS Our findings reveal that female students actively engaged in the WUFL express high overall satisfaction. Furthermore, participants perceive football as a source of happiness, an energy booster, and a platform for new experiences. Their involvement in football goes beyond typical leisure; it is regarded as a form of serious leisure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we propose actions such as fostering and elevating amateur women’s competitions, promoting female students’ participation in football, and developing a comprehensive strategy for increasing women’s enjoyment of playing football.
PURPOSE Professional Identity Formation (PIF) has become a core concept in various professional education fields as it emphasizes professionals’ dispositions as well as abilities. This study provides an overview of PIF and explores the characteristics of professional education programs that highlight PIF. Through this overview, the purpose of this study is to propose the ‘Professional Identity Matrix for Physical Education Teacher (PIMPET)’, which helps identify PE teachers’ Professional Identity (PI). METHODS This study suggests a guideline to understand PE teachers' PI based on the analysis of the current literature on PI and PIF. RESULTS The characteristics of PIF-based professional education programs were described according to three criteria: teaching content, method, and assessment. On the PIMPET framework, the components of PI formed by PE teachers can be categorized into nine domains which encompass the three identity dimensions (competence, knowledge, and disposition) and the three task areas (teaching, student, and administration). CONCLUSIONS The PIMPET framework allows for a comprehensive understanding of PE teachers’ PI and provides implications for the professionalism of PE teachers and PE teacher education.
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the dimensions of sport brand authenticity and to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring such dimensions. METHODS Along with a sequential mixed method design, qualitative researches were conducted (a literature review on brand authenticity and the inherent value of sport, 5 one-to-one expert interviews, and a Delphi survey of 10 researchers). Based on the qualitative research results, an EFA (n=304), 2 times CFA (1st: n=304, 2nd: n=311), and correlation analysis using the other scale (brand relationship quality, brand attachment, brand credibility) were conducted to test reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. RESULTS In the qualitative research results, 8 dimensions with 36 items were extracted; however 6 dimensions (originality, connectedness, legitimacy, authority, sport spirit, and expertise) with 28 items were identified as appropriate structures from EFA and CFA, and the relations between all the dimensions and other scales related to consumer attitude were statistically significant in the correlation analysis. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the scale in this study could provide a new and specific perspective on sport brand authenticity, which is constructed using a general aspect and a sport specific aspect, and an understanding of the concept of sport brand authenticity in other sport industries.
