Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among emotional leadership, coach trust and athletic satisfaction of university. Methods 288 university soccer players were surveyed on the emotional leadership questionnaire, coach trust questionnaire and athletic satisfaction questionnaire through convenience sampling method. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to achieve the purpose of this study. Frequency analysis, confirmation factor analysis, reliability verification, correlation analysis and the structural equation model analysis were performed. Results First, emotional leadership had a positive effect on coach trust of university soccer players. Second, emotional leadership had a positive effect on athletic satisfaction of university soccer players. Third, coach trust had a positive effect on athletic satisfaction of university soccer players. Finally, coach trust mediated the relationship between emotional leadership and athletic satisfaction. Conclusions Emotional leadership was a leadership that can efficiently increase coach trust, and leaders must communicate with players through emotional effort and team operations with goals of athletic satisfaction and happiness rather than wins and losses were required.
This study was to explore and confirm factors of sport psychology counseling needs in Korean elite coaches. In order to achieve this purpose, 56 elite coaches in Korean Olympic training center at Taereung and Jincheon responded on open-questionnaire and 260 coaches responded on survey. Open-ended questionnaire responses were analyzed by inductive content analysis and collected survey data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis. The results were as follows: Firstly, sport psychology counseling needs of elite coaches were competition preparation, negative athlete-coach relationship, athlete private problems, performance degradation, pressure on performance result, injury management, team cohesion degradation, motivation, training management, different gender athlete control, athletes drop out, pressure from outside, conflicts with colleagues, neglecting from athletes, feeling of incompetence, emotional control problem, and so on. Secondly, based on these responses, closed-ended questionnaire was developed, surveyed, and analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis illustrated that sports counseling needs of coaches were performance enhancement strategies, unreasonable pressure, negligence on training, coaching stress, competition result stress, conflicts with athletes. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis showed that construct of sport counseling needs illustrated appropriate fit indices values. The results of this study contributed to provide fundamental information on coaching education program and sport psychology counseling program development and application. Consequently, it will help coaches to control their mind at coaching in training and competitions.
Purpose This study was designed to develop a team building program that helps freshmen student-athletes to adapt to college life and enhance team function and process and to examine the effects of this program. It could provide basic information of a team building program that effectively accelerates team function in the college team sports domain. Methods The program was developed through this process. First, an open-ended questionnaire was utilized to discover the needs of the program. Second, the results of needs of the program and important factors of team-building program were taken into consideration. Third, expert meetings were conducted. Consequently, the program consisted of three stages of total 10 sessions which was 90 min long. The questionnaires(Group Cohesion Questionnaire and Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire), experience report, and program evaluation form were used as measures to identify the effects of the developed program. SPSS version 24.0 and inductive analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The results of this study are as follows. First, there was no statistically significant influence between developed program and the level of group cohesion. In contrast, the level of coach-athlete interaction was significantly increased. Second, the analysis of experience report revealed that this program reduced interpersonal conflict between team members and formed positive interpersonal relationship by mind of respect and consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, the hierarchical culture was strongly formed and team member suffered from the dual role of athlete and student in Korean college team sports. Thus, these should be resolved in order to enhance team function and process. As a results, this process could increase team performance as well as offer psychological stability to college student-athletes.
Purpose This study was to examine the effect of athletes’ personality on coach-athlete maintenance of relationship. Methods For this purpose, the data was collected by 284 athletes using personality five factor questionnaire and Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire(CARM-Q). correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to verify the relationship between five personality factors and maintaining coach-athlete relationship. Results The results were as follows: Personality had a significant effect on the maintenance of coach-athlete’s relationship. Firstly, the artificial neural network was analyzed to find the influence of personality that determine positive relationships with coaches. Conclusion As a result, it was confirmed that the favor was the main discriminant factor in maintaining the relationship of coach-athlete. Finally, openness and sincerity were found to maintain and develop the positive relationship with coaches.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sedentary time measured by accelerometer. Furthermore, the level of physical activity and adherence rate of physical activity guideline(PAG) were compared with the self-reported questionnaire. Methods The MVPA, sedentary time, and adherence rate of PAG according to age and sex were examined to people who agreed to wear accelerometers among the participants of the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To compare the relationship between accelerometer and self-reported questionnaire, Chi-squared test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. Results The MVPA of the accelerometer-total(AT) was 40.6 minutes/day for men and 31.1 minutes/day for women. Sedentary time was 502.9 minutes/day for men and 498.9 minutes/day for women. The MVPA of accelerometer-bout(AB) estimates was 16.4 minutes/day for men and 14.2 minutes for women. On the other hand, the MVPA of the self-report was 95.8 minutes for men and 64.3 minutes for women, and the sedentary time was 471.2 minutes for men and 455.2 minutes for women. The adherence rate of PAG was 55.6% of the self-report, 56.1% of the AT, and 21.4% of the AB. The correlation between self-report and accelerometer was statistically significant(p < 0.01), but showed a weak correlation coefficient(rho=0.112-0.351). There was no association between AB and self-report(p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the self-report were 71.3% and 48.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the self-report were 27.5% and 86.1%, respectively. Conclusions As a result of this study, self-reported physical activity level by questionnaire had more MVPA and less sedentary time than the accelerometer-determined physical activity. In addition, the adherence rate of the PAG differed from accelerometer and self-report. The difference was significantly increased when comparing AB with the self-report. Therefore, great care must be taken when interpreting accelerometer and self-report questionnaire. Further research will be needed on specific methods that can be used by complementing the two measurement tools.
Purpose This study estimated the social value of the Sports Industry Support Center, which will be newly established and operated by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, using the contingent valuation method. The survey designed a structured questionnaire for 480 households in 16 cities across the country to explain the necessity and major services of the Sport Industry Support Center and to investigate the willingness to pay for the social value of the center's sports industry support services. According to the NOAA panel's recommendation, the questionnaire survey consisted of dual dichotomous questionnaires and the form of payment in the form of income tax. As a result of analysis through logit model, statistically significant explanatory variables were payment amount, income level and gender. In particular, the higher the income level, the higher the willingness to pay, and the use of income tax as a means of payment was statistically significant. The social value granted to Sports Industry Support Center was 4,576.17 won per household per year, and it was estimated that there was a total of 469 billion won for the five years of income tax payment.
Purpose This study identified the influence of perceived motivational climate on psychological well-being in ballet majors. Methods Participants were 211(male=25, female=186) collegiate students enrolled in ballet department. Measures were The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire(PMCSQ) and Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, reliability test, correlation, and structural equation modeling. Results Results were as follows. First, mastery climate who ballet majors perceive significantly influenced on the five subscales of their psychological well-being: Mastery climate was positively related to personal growth, self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, and purpose in life. Second, performance climate who ballet majors perceive significantly influenced on the five subscales of their psychological well-being: Performance climate was negatively related to personal growth, self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, and purpose in life. Model fit indices were acceptable(RMSEA=.070). Conclusion In conclusion, this study indicated that motivational climate who ballet majors perceive was a important situational factor on their psychological well-being.
Purpose This study seeks to explore the process where drop-out elite athletes collect their life skills obtained during their sports career and transfer them to their daily lives. Methods An open-ended questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of ninety retired elite athletes and the responses were analyzed. Based on the results of inductive analysis, five subjects were selected for a follow-up in-depth interview. The responses to the open-ended questionnaire were analyzed by the inductive content analysis method and the results from in-depth interviews by the deductive content analysis method. Results A total of 478 life skills were collected from the drop-out elite athletes and structuralized into four general categories: psychological skill, social skill, self-management skill, and goal-setting skill. The results of this study have revealed that life skills positively transferred to their future courses of lives and daily lives. Conclusion It is believed that the results of this study will be helpful to understanding the concept of sports life skills, studying the possibility of transfer, and provide the basic data for helping drop-out elite athletes with re-socialization and positive adaptation.
The aim of this study is to empirically verify the relationships between innovativeness perception of and involvement in sports products, and hedonic value, product attitude and purchase intention through the structural equation model. For this purpose, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of 291 college students in Chungcheong region. Sampling method was Quota Sampling Mode, and questionnaire has been structured to be self-administerd type. SPSSWIN Ver. 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 have been used for data processing. As a result, first, it was found that innovativeness perception had a positive influence on hedonic value; second, innovativeness perception had a positive influence on product attitude; third, product involvement had a positive influence hedonic value; fourth, product involvement had a positive influence on product attitude; fifth, hedonic value had a positive influence on purchase intention; sixth, product attitude had a positive influence on purchase intention. Such results imply that it's not desirable to overlook the level of innovativeness perception & involvement from a corporate perspective when an enterprise develops and launches new sports products.
This study was to identify the perception on retirement for professional soccer players as a basic study for the development of career transition program, Professional soccer K-League(K-League Classic, K-League Challenge), N-League(Club League), K3-League(Challenger League) league players registered in 2013 were selected as a population. Structured questionnaire surveys were utilized for the research, total of 1000 questionnaires(250 per league) were distributed and gathered. Final sample of 548 questionnaires were analyzed excluding people which do not respond properly. SPSS was used to identify the characteristics of the responder in frequency analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to find the difference in retiring causes among the leagues, Pearson Correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among the variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to find the effect of economic and psychological preparation on plans after retirement. The results were as follows. First, among the causes of retirement, 'contract suspended', 'seek other life', 'family issues such as marriage' showed the difference in perception of retirement according to the leagues. Second, psychological preparation was more focused than economic preparation to prepare for retirement planning among players, respectively.
