PURPOSE The United Nations (UN) has proposed 17 Sustainable Development Goals and has been extending its efforts to achieve them. Sport can be linked closely to the third goal, which is related to health and well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and to analyze individual's changed sport activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on ways to achieve health and well-being related goals through sport. METHODS A qualitative research method was employed, and in-depth interview methods were used for data collection. For data analysis, categorization and itemization were used along with content analysis. RESULTS Looking at the derived results, in the context of an infectious disease such COVID-19, sport activity patterns have changed due to reasons such as stadiums or facilities, interpersonal reasons, fear, inconvenience, staying healthy, increase in leisure time, and individual preferences. CONCLUSIONS Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the indicators of health and well-being related SDGs are exhibiting a downward trend. At this point, it is necessary to find a way to achieve the goal through sport that can participate voluntarily for the purpose of pursuing pleasure.
PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to analyze the behavioral intention and use behavior among the consumers of online home training contents via YouTube by employing the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT); (2) to test the moderating effects of risk perception toward the coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, and 3) to test differential impacts of generational difference across millennial and baby boom generations. METHODS A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 383 samples were used for the final analysis after excluding 17 incomplete responses. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS It was found that (1) the performance expectancy, the effort expectancy, and the social influence had positive effects on behavioral intention; (2)the facilitating condition had negative effects on the use behavior; (3) the behavioral intention had positive impact on the use behavior. Moreover, the risk perception toward the COVID-19 infection did not have moderating impacts on the UTAUT model, whereas generational differences did. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the marketing strategy that improves exercise performance, convenience, and social influencing factors may be key to home training customers' behavioral intention and use behavior. Furthermore, home training material makers should recognize that the features and infrastructure required for the two generations are distinct and develop a separate marketing strategy for each.
PURPOSE In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with track-and-field athletes and leaders who participated in the Tokyo Olympics. The study aimed to present practical measures for the development of Korean track and field, which people at the forefront of Korean track and field thought. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured questions for a total of five track-and-field national athletes and four track and field coaches. RESULTS A total of 39 subcategories and 104 concepts were derived with regard to four research questions: the process up to the Tokyo Olympics, the actual condition of Korean track and field, a comparison with track-and-field power nation, and practical measures for becoming track-and-field power nation. CONCLUSIONS Practical measures are needed to improve and develop the competitiveness of Korean track and field, which is expected to improve its competitiveness and help develop Korean track and field in the future.
PURPOSE This study analyzed the KSPO women’s sports leadership program and foreign cases to suggest policy proposals. METHODS A literature review was conducted involving official webpage of the programs, related technical reports, media resources, and academic articles collected from international and domestic research databases. RESULTS The major results are as follows: (1) The curriculum of current program should be examined and reconstructed to achieve the intended purpose. (2) Since selfawareness is a key factor in demonstrating effective leadership, implementing selfawareness training program should be considered. (3) Mentoring is regarded to be an effective tool in promoting women leadership; therefore, establishing sustainable women mentoring program is required. CONCLUSIONS Despite several limitations, this paper is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to review and analyze the KSPO women’s sports leadership program comparing foreign cases for the purpose of seeking improvement. As women’s leadership in the field of sport would become even more important in the future, this program should be redesigned to be able to train and nurture leaders so that they can progress to the higher level of decision making in sport organizations.
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effective and pragmatic idea regarding the development of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs in China. These programs share both similarities and differences in China and Korea, and they are also discussed here. METHODS Six universities reflecting the regional specificities of Korea and China were selected following consultation with experts. Data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participatory observation, literature, and local documents were analyzed and interpreted by using the comparative analysis research method. RESULTS First, when comparing the curriculum, which was divided into liberal arts, major, and teaching subjects in both countries, the ratio of liberal arts and teaching subjects was similar in Korea following major subjects. As for China, major subjects came in first, followed by liberal arts and teaching subjects. Second, the relative pros and cons of preliminary sports teacher education in Korea and China were aimed at nurturing competent sports experts with both expertise and personality. They were generally similar in terms of content dimensions; however, they were found to be different in several areas. Particularly in the case of China regarding the teaching subject, practical subjects that were of pragmatic help to the school field were found to be relatively insufficient. Third, the implications for improving China's preliminary PETE were to emphasize the importance of personality in educational goals at the goal level, and as for the content level, it was necessary to replaced them with classes that could be of pragmatic use in the existing teaching method. Furthermore, at the methodological level, professional training of physical education teachers should be proposed, training them to cultivate character. Finally, more positive changes can be pursued if efforts at the environmental level are well-matched and improved. CONCLUSIONS To improve China's preliminary PETE program, it is necessary to enhance the environment and institutions using various teaching methods to cultivate expertise, such as practical aspects of university-field linkage and preliminary teacher personality education.
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the ranking culture of Korean female professional golfers under the assumption that side-effects such as performance degradation and sports desocialization result from the culture. METHODS To collect data, semistructured, open-ended interviews were conducted with eight former KLPGA Tour players, and the data were analyzed through the inductive analysis method suggested by Hatch (2002). RESULTS Our findings were the following: (1) There has been an oppressive culture regarding the salutation attitude among Korean female professional golfers. (2) The ranking culture of Korean female professional golf players formed a background of voluntarily noticing seniors from junior players. (3) As part of subduing juniors who go against the hierarchy culture, the phenomenon of group bullying by senior players was found. (4) There are players who influx the KLPGA tour after their tour career in foreign countries becomes uncomfortable with the ranking culture of Korean female professional golfers, or in worse cases, they leave the tour because of maladaptation. (5) Rather than protesting or raising issues, parents of players, especially those of junior players who have suffered damage against the ranking culture tend to accept the practices and endure disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS Follow-up studies on ways to improve them and additional studies on ranking culture and side-effects that may occur between athletes in other sports are required to restore the ethics of Korean sports and ultimately normalize them.
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effect of acute tart cherry juice intake on recovery after intermittent exercise in female field hockey athletes. METHODS Sixteen university female field hockey athletes were studied for a total of 3 days. The cohort was divided into 2 groups, placebo group (n=8, PLA) and the tart cherry juice group (n=8, TCJ), Each supplement was consumed 5 times over 48 hours. On the first day of the study, venous blood was collected before the test, and physical fitness variables (20m sprint, 5-0-5 agility, and Countermovement jump) were performed twice before and after the Yo-Yo Intermediate recovery test 1 to determine the degree of muscle damage and recovery of physical fitness factors. After all tests on Day 1, supplements (PLA, TCJ) were taken. After 24 hours, venous blood collection was performed, and after 48 hours, venous blood collection and physical element variables were measured to verify the effectiveness of tart cherry juice. RESULTS In the TCJ group, a significant effect was found over time in the 5-0-5 ability among the fitness variable items (p<.001) In Countermovement jump (CMJ), there was a significant effect over group and time (p<.001). Second, significant effects over group and time were shown in Interlukin-6 (IL-6) among variable items related to muscle damage and inflammation through venous blood collection (p<.05) and LDH (p<.001), and CK (p<.01) showed a tendency to decrease with time. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that acute tart cherry juice intake after intermittent exercise tends to reduce muscle damage and inflammation-related variables in female field hockey players, which could help them recover quickly, especially after hectic game schedules.
PURPOSE This study investigated the associations between physical fitness and fall efficacy with thigh circumference in elderly women with osteopenia/osteoporosis. METHODS A total of 166 female participants aged 76.3±5.0 years with –1.0≥T-score of femur neck bone mineral density were voluntarily recruited from local community centers. The participants were classified as low 25%, middle 50%, and high 25% groups based on their thigh circumference. Physical fitness measurements, including strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance, and balance were measured with a standardized protocol. The Korean version of the fall efficacy scale (K-FES) was used to assess fall efficacy. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odd ratio (OR) of poor physical fitness and low fall efficacy according to thigh circumference levels. RESULTS In terms of physical fitness, the middle 50% group (OR=0.430, 95% CI=0.194-0.953) and high 25% group (OR=0.129, 95% CI=0.049-0.343) had significantly higher linear trend for poor physical fitness compared to the low 25% group (reference), (p<0.001). In fall efficacy, the middle 50% group (OR=0.279, 95% CI=0.119-0.656) and high 25% group (OR=0.100, 95% CI=0.036-0.275) had significantly higher linear trend for low fall efficacy compared to the low 25% group (reference) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that maintaining high thigh circumference via regular physical activity and diet may contribute to attenuation of decreased risk for poor physical fitness and low fall efficacy in elderly women with osteopenia/osteoporosis.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to establish the criteria for measuring acute muscle fatigue using tensiomyography (TMG) by quantifying the trend of changes in TMG variables. METHODS Searches were conducted in the Web of Science and Pubmed databases using the keyword “Tensiomyography”. Sixteen studies which used TMG to measure acute muscle fatigue caused by acute exercises in rectus femoris or biceps femoris were included. All statistical data analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software program. RESULTS The meta-analysis results indicated that the biceps femoris showed a significant (p<.05) decrease in all TMG variables of the elite athletes. Also, in the overall effects of maximum displacement and mean velocity until 90% Dm (Vc90) showed a significant (p<.05) decreasing trend. The rectus femoris showed a significant (p<.05) decreasing trend for maximum displacement (Dm) in the average person, while contraction time (Tc) showed a decreasing trend in elite athletes and overall. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TMG could be used as an indicator of muscle fatigue indicator, and will help to develop a more proper protocol to test the response of the body to muscle fatigue.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to verify the support effect of muscle activity and stability according to walking conditions (Level, Ramp, and Stair) before and after wearing a suit with a 12kg heavy weight load. METHODS To accomplish the purpose of the study, subjects (n=10) underwent Electromyography (EMG) measurement under the same conditions for 10 different muscles, and COP width was calculated through foot pressure measurement. The experimental movement was level walking, Ramp walking, and stair walking, each carrying a 12kg load, and measured once before and after wearing a wearable suit. RESULTS Electrolyography (EMG) measurement revealed a significant difference in the average EMG values of muscle activity of R.RF in level walking(p<.05), R.RF and L.RF in ramp walking(p<.01), L.RF and L.BF in stair walking (p<.05). COP width measurement revealed a significant difference in the reduction of COP width in all walks (level walking, ramp walking, stair) (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS The effects of wearing a wearable suit are as follows. First, the wearable suit has a significant effect of assisting the Rectus Femoris muscle. Second, there is a gait stability effect by wearing a wearable suit.
